[Perioperative analgesia in adults : The concept of balanced analgesia.].

Der Schmerz
J Jage

Abstract

The spectrum of perioperative pain treatment is discussed in the present review. The analgesic efficacy of various drugs and the dosage methods of administration and side effects reported for them in such reference works as the practical guide on the management of acute pain recently published by the International Association for the Study of Pain (IASP) are described. Effective postoperative analgesia can diminish stress reactions following surgery. Recovery and physical mobilization are improved as the result of adequate treatment. Results obtained in recent studies have demonstrated that primary adaptive hyperalgesia in the peripheral nociceptive area may develop into secondary maladaptive hypersensibility with a high degree of nociceptive excitability and pain. Chronic pain can develop following acute alterations. Increasing nociceptive activity of primary afferents induces alterations in the dorsal horn of the spinal cord. These alterations imply an increase in the excitability of nociceptive neurons, which has been described as neuronal plasticity. Clinical results have demonstrated prevention or delay of acute postoperative pain after injection of local anaesthetics, analgesic premedication or epidural injection of opioi...Continue Reading

References

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