Peritraumatic fear, helplessness and horror and peritraumatic dissociation: do physical and cognitive symptoms of panic mediate the relationship between the two?

Behaviour Research and Therapy
Deniz FikretogluC R Marmar

Abstract

The goal of this study was to examine whether panic mediates the relationship between fear, helplessness, and horror (PTSD criterion A2) and dissociation at the time of trauma. The study sample included 709 police officers and 317 peer-nominated civilians who had been exposed to a variety of critical incidents. Participants filled out measures of critical incident exposure, PTSD criterion A2, panic, and dissociation. Results indicate that together, physical and cognitive symptoms of panic completely mediate the relationship between criterion A2 and dissociation in civilians, and partially mediate that relationship in police. These results provide support for the idea that panic mediates the relationship between fear, helplessness, and horror (criterion A2) and dissociation at the time of trauma. The results also raise the possibility, however, that the mediational role of panic may be further moderated by additional variables.

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Citations

Feb 1, 2011·Annual Review of Clinical Psychology·Etzel Cardeña, Eve Carlson
Feb 18, 2011·Depression and Anxiety·Robert C Hodgson, Rosemary A Webster
Feb 23, 2012·Journal of Traumatic Stress·Jeff Sugar, Julian D Ford
Sep 13, 2011·Depression and Anxiety·Richard A BryantJames Strain
Apr 5, 2011·Behaviour Research and Therapy·Richard A BryantAlexander C McFarlane
Sep 22, 2009·Behaviour Research and Therapy·Muriel A HagenaarsKees A L Hoogduin
Sep 27, 2020·International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health·Yaqi Liu, Xiaoyuan Wang
Jan 4, 2012·American Journal of Industrial Medicine·Rosemarie M BowlerJames E Cone
Oct 24, 2020·Journal of Psychiatric Research·Emma ČernisDaniel Freeman

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