Abstract
Personalized medicine, otherwise called stratified or precision medicine, aims to better target intervention to the individual to maximize benefit and minimize harm. This review discusses how diabetes aetiology, pathophysiology and patient genotype influence response to or side effects of the commonly used diabetes treatments. C-peptide is a useful biomarker that is underused to guide treatment choice, severe insulin deficiency predicts non-response to glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists, and thiazolidinediones are more effective in insulin-resistant patients. The field of pharmacogenetics is now yielding clinically important results, with three examples outlined: sulphonylurea sensitivity in patients with HNF1A maturity-onset diabetes of the young; sulphonylurea sensitivity in patients with Type 2 diabetes with reduced function alleles at CYP2C9, resulting in reduced metabolism of sulphonylureas; and severe metformin intolerance associated with reduced function organic cation transporter 1 (OCT1) variants, exacerbated by drugs that also inhibit OCT1. Genome-wide approaches and the potential of other 'omics', including metagenomics and metabolomics, are then outlined, highlighting the complex interacting networks that we ...Continue Reading
References
Jun 18, 1970·The New England Journal of Medicine·D S SchalchM H Barlow
Apr 15, 1983·Science·J R SahaJ Lindenbaum
Oct 1, 1981·The New England Journal of Medicine·J LindenbaumJ R Saha
Apr 12, 2003·Diabetes, Obesity & Metabolism·T A JonesN P Jones
Oct 25, 2003·Lancet·Ewan R PearsonAndrew T Hattersley
Oct 28, 2003·Diabetes Care·Maggie ShepherdAndrew T Hattersley
May 4, 2007·The Journal of Clinical Investigation·Yan ShuKathleen M Giacomini
Sep 4, 2008·Investigative Ophthalmology & Visual Science·Nedal H ArarUNKNOWN Family Investigation of Nephropathy and Diabetes Research Group
Oct 2, 2009·Clinical Pharmacology and Therapeutics·K ZhouE R Pearson
Nov 7, 2009·Pharmacogenomics·Georgia RagiaVangelis G Manolopoulos
May 26, 2010·Diabetologia·B M ShieldsS Ellard
Dec 28, 2010·Nature Genetics·UNKNOWN GoDARTS and UKPDS Diabetes Pharmacogenetics Study GroupEwan R Pearson
Jan 8, 2011·European Journal of Clinical Pharmacology·Andreas HolsteinJulia Stingl
Dec 14, 2011·Translational Psychiatry·R Kaddurah-DaoukM Delnomdedieu
Mar 29, 2012·Diabetologia·N van LeeuwenE R Pearson
Aug 13, 2013·Clinical Pharmacology and Therapeutics·H Li, W Jia
Apr 16, 2014·The Lancet. Diabetes & Endocrinology·Kaixin ZhouEwan R Pearson
Oct 10, 2014·International Journal of Clinical Practice·Y ZhouJ Yan
Dec 17, 2014·Diabetes·Tanja DujicEwan R Pearson
Dec 30, 2014·Diabetes Care·Silvio E InzucchiDavid R Matthews
Mar 25, 2015·Journal of Diabetes Science and Technology·Jeffrey H BurtonMark L Heiman
Apr 15, 2015·Clinical Pharmacology and Therapeutics·R Kaddurah-DaoukUNKNOWN Pharmacometabolomics Research Network
Nov 26, 2015·Diabetic Medicine : a Journal of the British Diabetic Association·T DujicS Semiz
Nov 26, 2015·Diabetic Medicine : a Journal of the British Diabetic Association·P J ConnellyE R Pearson
Dec 4, 2015·Nature·Kristoffer ForslundOluf Pedersen
Jan 19, 2016·Diabetologia·Laura J McCreightEwan R Pearson
Citations
Jun 23, 2016·Diabetes Research and Clinical Practice·André J Scheen
Apr 27, 2016·Clinical Microbiology and Infection : the Official Publication of the European Society of Clinical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases·A DixJ Linde
May 20, 2016·Diabetic Medicine : a Journal of the British Diabetic Association·R I G Holt
Dec 17, 2016·Diabetes·Jay S SkylerRobert E Ratner
May 13, 2017·European Journal of Epidemiology·Lorenzo RichiardiNeil Pearce
Jan 23, 2018·Nature Reviews. Genetics·Katherine PayneAlexander J Thompson
Jul 12, 2016·Metabolites·Vladimir Tolstikov
Mar 28, 2018·Pharmacogenomics·Anna-Maria OrdelheideHarald Staiger
Mar 3, 2018·Journal of Diabetes Investigation·Fangying XieRonald Cw Ma
Oct 31, 2018·Expert Opinion on Drug Metabolism & Toxicology·Paul ChanZhong-Min Liu
Apr 24, 2018·Expert Review of Precision Medicine and Drug Development·Sean P GavanKatherine Payne
May 28, 2019·Endocrine, Metabolic & Immune Disorders Drug Targets·Fatemeh KhatamiSeyed M Tavangar
Jan 10, 2020·Diabetes Therapy : Research, Treatment and Education of Diabetes and Related Disorders·Sanjay KalraKhalid Shaikh
May 20, 2020·Metabolites·Egon Taalberg, Kalle Kilk
Jul 3, 2020·Diabetic Medicine : a Journal of the British Diabetic Association·M HopkinsE Burns
Dec 3, 2016·Aging·Daniele Lettieri-BarbatoKatia Aquilano
Jul 14, 2018·PharmacoEconomics·James Love-KohMatthew Taylor
May 16, 2019·PharmacoEconomics·Stuart J WrightKatherine Payne
Jun 20, 2019·International Journal of Molecular Sciences·Celeste CocoMonica Montagnani
Oct 22, 2020·Medical Decision Making : an International Journal of the Society for Medical Decision Making·Stuart J WrightKatherine Payne
Aug 26, 2019·Journal of Molecular Biology·Alejandra TomasColin Leech
Dec 30, 2020·BMJ Open·Catherine AngwinUNKNOWN MASTERMIND consortium
Jul 24, 2020·Diabetes Research and Clinical Practice·Olorunsola F AgbajeUNKNOWN MASTERMIND consortium
Aug 14, 2019·Diabetes & Metabolic Syndrome·Sushma VermaFarzana Mahdi
Oct 16, 2019·Metabolism: Clinical and Experimental·Johanne Tremblay, Pavel Hamet
May 12, 2020·Value in Health : the Journal of the International Society for Pharmacoeconomics and Outcomes Research·Eric FaulknerKatherine Payne
Jul 3, 2021·International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health·Satriya PranataYu-Ying Lu
Aug 23, 2021·Diabetes & Metabolic Syndrome·Shaghayegh HosseinkhaniFarideh Razi