Perspectives on immunotherapy via oncolytic viruses

Infectious Agents and Cancer
Alberto RealeGiorgio Palù

Abstract

With few exceptions, current chemotherapy and radiotherapy protocols only obtain a slightly prolonged survival with severe adverse effects in patients with advanced solid tumors. In particular, most solid malignancies not amenable to radical surgery still carry a dismal prognosis, which unfortunately is also the case for relapsing disease after surgery. Even though targeted therapies obtained good results, clinical experience showed that tumors eventually develop resistance. On the other hand, earlier attempts of cancer immunotherapy failed to show consistent efficacy. More recently, a deeper knowledge of immunosuppression in the tumor microenvironment (TME) allowed the development of effective drugs: in particular, monoclonal antibodies targeting the so-called immune checkpoint molecules yielded striking and lasting effects in some tumors. Unfortunately, these monoclonal antibodies are not effective in a majority of patients and are ineffective in several solid malignancies. Furthermore, due to their mechanism of action, checkpoint inhibitors often elicit autoimmune-like disease. The use of viruses as oncolytic agents (OVs) was considered in the past, while only recently OVs revealed a connection with immunotherapy. However, t...Continue Reading

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Citations

Oct 20, 2020·Frontiers in Microbiology·Yoon Jung Hwang, Heejoon Myung
Dec 25, 2019·Molecular Therapy Oncolytics·Meijun ZhengHui Yang
Jan 29, 2022·Journal of Investigative Medicine : the Official Publication of the American Federation for Clinical Research·Suha Abu KhalafMaria C Rodriguez-Barradas

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Clinical Trials Mentioned

NCT00769704
NCT01301430
NCT02562755
NCT02285816
NCT02879760
NCT03618953
NCT01166542

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