Pesticides for apicultural and/or agricultural application found in Belgian honey bee wax combs

Bulletin of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology
Jorgen RavoetDirk C de Graaf

Abstract

In a Belgian pilot study honey bee wax combs from ten hives were analyzed on the presence of almost 300 organochlorine and organophosphorous compounds by LC-MS/MS and GC-MS/MS. Traces of 18 pesticides were found and not a single sample was free of residues. The number of residues found per sample ranged from 3 to 13, and the pesticides found could be categorized as (1) pesticides for solely apicultural (veterinary) application, (2) pesticides for solely agricultural (crop protection) application, (3) pesticides for mixed agricultural and apicultural (veterinary) application. The frequencies and quantities of some environmental pollutants bear us high concerns. Most alarming was the detection of lindane (gamma-HCH) and dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane (including its breakdown product dichlorodiphenyldichloroethylene), two insecticides that are banned in Europe. The present comprehensive residue analysis, however, also reveals residues of pesticides never found in beeswax before, i.e. DEET, propargite and bromophos.

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Citations

Jul 19, 2016·Journal of Environmental Science and Health. Part. B, Pesticides, Food Contaminants, and Agricultural Wastes·Balkrishna TiwariArun K Mishra
Sep 16, 2016·PloS One·Garance Di PasqualeAxel Decourtye
Oct 16, 2016·Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry·Olivier WilmartClaude Saegerman
Oct 18, 2016·Arhiv za higijenu rada i toksikologiju·Ivana Tlak GajgerBruno Čalopek
Nov 15, 2018·Food Additives & Contaminants. Part A, Chemistry, Analysis, Control, Exposure & Risk Assessment·Yumi OhbaTsuneo Hashimoto
Apr 25, 2019·The Journal of Experimental Biology·Carolyn A SonterSusan C Wilson
Sep 15, 2019·Bulletin of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology·Ivana Tlak GajgerNina Bilandžić
Mar 4, 2020·Insects·Heike Feldhaar, Oliver Otti
Sep 17, 2016·Asian Pacific Journal of Tropical Medicine·Filippo FratiniAntonio Felicioli
Apr 20, 2019·Molecules : a Journal of Synthetic Chemistry and Natural Product Chemistry·María D Navarro-HortalJosé L Quiles
Oct 24, 2018·Environmental Monitoring and Assessment·Nazia RafiqueKhalid Rafique
Apr 12, 2017·Journal of Economic Entomology·Mohamed AlburakiScott D Stewart
Dec 10, 2016·Ecotoxicology·Jade DrummondSarah J Judge
Aug 8, 2020·The Science of the Total Environment·Noëmie El AgrebiClaude Saegerman
Mar 28, 2021·The Science of the Total Environment·Olivier WilmartClaude Saegerman
Dec 11, 2020·Chemosphere·Klara KadlikovaTomas Erban
Mar 12, 2017·Chemosphere·Jorge HarrietLeonidas Carrasco-Letelier
Apr 30, 2021·Analytical Methods : Advancing Methods and Applications·Lucas Victor Pereira de FreitasFlaviano Oliveira Silvério
Apr 26, 2021·Pest Management Science·Christina KastJean-Daniel Charrière

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