Pharmaceutically active compounds in aqueous environment: A status, toxicity and insights of remediation

Environmental Research
Abhradeep MajumderAshok Kumar Gupta

Abstract

Pharmaceutically active compounds (PhACs) have pernicious effects on all kinds of life forms because of their toxicological effects and are found profoundly in various wastewater treatment plant influents, hospital effluents, and surface waters. The concentrations of different pharmaceuticals were found in alarmingly high concentrations in various parts of the globe, and it was also observed that the concentration of PhACs present in the water could be eventually related to the socio-economic conditions and climate of the region. Drinking water equivalent limit for each PhAC has been calculated and compared with the occurrence data from various continents. Since these compounds are recalcitrant towards conventional treatment methods, while advanced oxidation processes (AOPs) have shown better efficiency in degrading these PhACs. The performance of the AOPs have been evaluated based on percentage removal, time, and electrical energy consumed to degrade different classes of PhACs. Ozone based AOPs were found to be favorable because of their low treatment time, low cost, and high efficiency. However, complete degradation cannot be achieved by these processes, and various transformation products are formed, which may be more toxic ...Continue Reading

Citations

Nov 12, 2020·Photochemistry and Photobiology·Danilo R SouzaWellington C Malheiro
Mar 29, 2021·Journal of Environmental Management·K Nava-AndradeV Rodríguez-González
Mar 30, 2021·Journal of Environmental Management·Nawal TaoufikNoureddine Barka
Jul 14, 2021·Environmental Science and Pollution Research International·Jaxiry Shamara Barroso MartínezErika Bustos Bustos
Jul 24, 2021·Journal of Environmental Management·Julia KazakovaRut Fernández-Torres

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