Pharmaceuticals and personal care products in untreated and treated sewage sludge: Occurrence and environmental risk in the case of application on soil - A critical review

The Science of the Total Environment
Paola Verlicchi, Elena Zambello

Abstract

This review is based on 59 papers published between 2002 and 2015, referring to about 450 treatment trains providing data regarding sludge concentrations for 169 compounds, specifically 152 pharmaceuticals and 17 personal care products, grouped into 28 different classes. The rationale of the study is to provide data to evaluate the environmental risk posed by the spreading of treated sludge in agriculture. Following discussion of the legislative scenario governing the final disposal of treated sludge in European countries and the USA, the study provides a snapshot of the occurrence of selected compounds in primary, secondary, mixed, digested, conditioned, composted and dried sludge originating in municipal wastewater treatment plants fed mainly with urban wastewater as well as in sludge-amended soil. Not only are measured values reported, but also predicted concentrations based on Kd values are reported. It emerges that in secondary sludge, the highest concentrations were found for fragrances, antiseptics and antibiotics and an attenuation in their concentrations occurs during treatment, in particular anaerobic digestion and composting. An in-depth literature survey of the (measured and predicted) Kd values for the different co...Continue Reading

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Citations

Jan 24, 2016·The Science of the Total Environment·Vasiliki S ThomaidiNikolaos S Thomaidis
Mar 13, 2016·Journal of Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Analysis·Alan PuckowskiPiotr Stepnowski
Aug 19, 2016·Environmental Science and Pollution Research International·Igor BodíkLucia Ivanová
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Sep 7, 2019·Environmental Science and Pollution Research International·Milota FáberováIgor Bodík
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May 4, 2017·Environmental Science and Pollution Research International·Vanessa de Jesus GaffneyCristina Maria Martins Almeida
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Feb 9, 2019·Environmental Science and Pollution Research International·Radka KodešováRoman Grabic
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Dec 24, 2019·Journal of Environmental Management·M Fernández-PeralesJ Rivera-Utrilla

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