Pharmacokinetics and clinical effects of intramuscular scopolamine plus morphine. A comparison of two injection sites

Acta Anaesthesiologica Scandinavica
E KentalaJ Kanto

Abstract

Intramuscular scopolamine plus morphine premedication is traditionally used when prominent sedative or antisialogogue effect is needed. Knowledge of the pharmacokinetics of scopolamine is limited due to low plasma concentrations found after therapeutic doses. This investigation compares the pharmacokinetics and the clinical responses of this drug combination injected into two commonly used injection sites. Twelve ASA class 1 patients scheduled for minor surgery under spinal anaesthesia received scopolamine 6 micrograms/kg plus morphine 200 micrograms/kg injected in either deltoid (group D, n = 6) or gluteal (group G, n = 6) muscle. The peak plasma concentrations of scopolamine after deltoid or gluteal injection (2.2 vs 1.6 micrograms/l) and the time they were reached (17 vs 19 min) were comparable. The absorption of morphine was similar in both groups (Tmax 16 min), but the peak plasma concentrations were higher after deltoid injection (71 vs 49 micrograms/l). The individual variation in the elimination half-lives of both scopolamine and morphine was smaller after deltoid injection (T1/2 scopolamine 1.9 +/- 0.7 vs 2.1 +/- 1.1 h, morphine 1.3 +/- 0.7 vs 2.3 +/- 1.5 h). Moderate slowing (25%) of heart rate was found in both group...Continue Reading

References

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Citations

Mar 21, 2002·Journal of Veterinary Pharmacology and Therapeutics·P M TaylorM Bloomfield
Nov 11, 2003·Clinical Pharmacokinetics·David R P Guay
Aug 14, 2012·Journal of Applied Toxicology : JAT·Lucija PerharičLovro Stanovnik
Jun 7, 2014·Journal of Ethnopharmacology·Nicholas Everett, Martino Gabra
Sep 22, 2005·Therapeutic Drug Monitoring·Ulf D RennerWilhelm Kirch

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