Pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of butorphanol following intravenous administration to the horse

Journal of Veterinary Pharmacology and Therapeutics
H K KnychR M Arthur

Abstract

Butorphanol is a narcotic analgesic commonly used in horses. Currently, any detectable concentration of butorphanol in biological samples collected from performance horses is considered a violation. The primary goal of the study reported here was to update the pharmacokinetics of butorphanol following intravenous administration, utilizing a highly sensitive liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS) assay that is currently employed in many drug-testing laboratories. An additional objective was to characterize behavioral and cardiac effects following administration of butorphanol. Ten exercised adult horses received a single intravenous dose of 0.1 mg/kg butorphanol. Blood and urine samples were collected at time 0 and at various times for up to 120 h and analyzed using LC-MS. Mean±SD systemic clearance, steady-state volume of distribution, and terminal elimination half-life were 11.5±2.5 mL/min/kg, 1.4±0.3 L/kg, and 5.9±1.5 h, respectively. Butorphanol plasma concentrations were below the limit of detection (LOD) (0.01 ng/mL) by 48 h post administration. Urine butorphanol concentrations were below the LOD (0.05 ng/mL) of the assay in seven of 10 horses by 120 h post drug administration. Following administration, horses app...Continue Reading

References

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Citations

Jan 21, 2016·Journal of Microencapsulation·André São PedroElaine Cabral Albuquerque
Oct 5, 2014·Journal of Pharmacological and Toxicological Methods·Siyang LiBarry L Karger
Feb 24, 2015·Clinical Neurophysiology : Official Journal of the International Federation of Clinical Neurophysiology·Yusuke OsakiRyuji Kaji
Dec 9, 2014·Journal of Veterinary Pharmacology and Therapeutics·L ChiavacciniV C Langston
Aug 6, 2016·Drug Testing and Analysis·Heather K KnychPhil H Kass
Jan 12, 2017·Tierärztliche Praxis. Ausgabe G, Grosstiere/Nutztiere·Paula Dönselmann Im SandeSabine Kästner
May 23, 2018·Drug Testing and Analysis·Heather K KnychDionne Benson
May 18, 2017·Drug Testing and Analysis·Heather K KnychPhilip H Kass
Jul 7, 2020·Drug Testing and Analysis·Joshua KlingbergShanlin Fu
Feb 26, 2021·Drug Testing and Analysis·Bethany KeenShanlin Fu
Apr 9, 2021·Journal of Zoo and Wildlife Medicine : Official Publication of the American Association of Zoo Veterinarians·Liesel L LaubscherJacobus P Raath
Aug 22, 2021·Journal of Equine Veterinary Science·F Javier López-SanrománG Manso-Díaz
Aug 28, 2021·Animals : an Open Access Journal From MDPI·Paola StraticòLucio Petrizzi
Sep 25, 2021·Journal of Veterinary Pharmacology and Therapeutics·Bruno H Pypendop, Yael Shilo-Benjamini

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