Pharmacotherapeutics directed at deficiencies associated with cocaine dependence: focus on dopamine, norepinephrine and glutamate.

Pharmacology & Therapeutics
Colin N HaileRichard De La Garza

Abstract

Much effort has been devoted to research focused on pharmacotherapies for cocaine dependence yet there are no FDA-approved medications for this brain disease. Preclinical models have been essential to defining the central and peripheral effects produced by cocaine. Recent evidence suggests that cocaine exerts its reinforcing effects by acting on multiple neurotransmitter systems within mesocorticolimibic circuitry. Imaging studies in cocaine-dependent individuals have identified deficiencies in dopaminergic signaling primarily localized to corticolimbic areas. In addition to dysregulated striatal dopamine, norepinephrine and glutamate are also altered in cocaine dependence. In this review, we present these brain abnormalities as therapeutic targets for the treatment of cocaine dependence. We then survey promising medications that exert their therapeutic effects by presumably ameliorating these brain deficiencies. Correcting neurochemical deficits in cocaine-dependent individuals improves memory and impulse control, and reduces drug craving that may decrease cocaine use. We hypothesize that using medications aimed at reversing known neurochemical imbalances is likely to be more productive than current approaches. This view is al...Continue Reading

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Citations

Oct 22, 2013·Current Psychiatry Reports·Colin N Haile, Thomas R Kosten
May 21, 2014·Journal of Medical Engineering & Technology·Jin H YoonRichard De La Garza
Sep 14, 2014·Expert Opinion on Drug Discovery·Sandra M W van de WielJudith R Homberg
Sep 17, 2013·Expert Opinion on Investigational Drugs·Christopher D VerricoRichard De La Garza
Apr 30, 2014·Expert Opinion on Investigational Drugs·Jee Hyun Kim, Andrew J Lawrence
Aug 5, 2015·Psychiatry Research·Thomas F NewtonThomas R Kosten
Dec 10, 2013·Progress in Neuro-psychopharmacology & Biological Psychiatry·R De La GarzaR Kahn
Jan 21, 2015·Progress in Neuro-psychopharmacology & Biological Psychiatry·Richard De La GarzaKathryn A Cunningham
Jan 1, 2012·Brain Sciences·Colin N HaileTherese A Kosten
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Nov 14, 2014·Neuropsychopharmacology : Official Publication of the American College of Neuropsychopharmacology·Paul W Czoty, Michael A Nader
Aug 8, 2013·Neuropsychopharmacology : Official Publication of the American College of Neuropsychopharmacology·Doris E PayerIsabelle Boileau
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May 13, 2014·The Journal of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics·Debra A CooperLeonard L Howell
Jan 20, 2021·Drug and Alcohol Dependence·Olivia C AhearnScott M Rawls

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