PMID: 11624958Jan 1, 1996Paper

Pharmacy, apothecaries and the spirit of Thorbecke. The shaping of the pharmaceutical discipline at the end of the nineteehtn century

Gewina
F Huisman

Abstract

In 1865, Dutch parliament accepted four laws concerning the organization of national health care and the medical profession. An important aspect of this legislation, that was to regulate health care in The Netherlands for many decades, was the elevation of pharmacy to academic levels. Henceforth, the only possibility to become an apothecary was to enroll in the pharmaceutical programme at one of the four Dutch universities. Initially, the legislation was welcomed by the Dutch Society for the Advancement of Pharmacy (NMP) and leading persons in the pharmaceutical world. Many believed the laws had granted a monopoly to apothecaries in the field of the delivery of medicines. This, however, did not prove to be the case. It had never even been intended by J. R. Thorbecke, the minister of internal affairs who had drafted the laws. In the view of this liberal politician the state should guarantee the availability as well as the academic standards of pharmaceutical education. Consumer's choice or interprofessional relationships were, however, no concern of the state. As a consequence, apothecaries had to earn credit and legitimacy with the public on their own. This article looks into the reaction of the 'pharmaceutical field' to the me...Continue Reading

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