Phenotypic Bias and Ethnic Identity in Filipino Americans.

Social Science Quarterly
Lisa Kiang, David Takeuchi

Abstract

OBJECTIVE: Links between phenotypes (skin tone, physical features) and a range of outcomes (income, physical health, psychological distress) were examined. Ethnic identity was examined as a protective moderator of phenotypic bias. METHOD: Data were from a community sample of 2,092 Filipino adults in San Francisco and Honolulu. RESULTS: After controlling for age, nativity, marital status, and education, darker skin was associated with lower income and lower physical health for females and males. For females, more ethnic features were associated with lower income. For males, darker skin was related to lower psychological distress. One interaction was found such that females with more ethnic features exhibited lower distress; however, ethnic identity moderated distress levels of those with less ethnic features. CONCLUSIONS: Phenotypic bias appears prevalent in Filipino Americans though specific effects vary by gender and skin color versus physical features. Discussion centers on the social importance of appearance and potential strengths gained from ethnic identification.

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Citations

May 25, 2013·PloS One·Tracy MacintoshMarcella Nunez-Smith
Jul 10, 2016·Child Development·Lisa KiangTiffany Yip
May 11, 2020·Journal of Youth and Adolescence·Lisa KiangGabriela L Stein
Oct 9, 2019·Population Research and Policy Review·Krista M PerreiraKathleen Mullan Harris

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