Phenotypic lability and the evolution of predator-induced plasticity in tadpoles

Evolution; International Journal of Organic Evolution
J Van Buskirk

Abstract

The hypothesis that predator-induced defenses in anuran larvae are maintained by divergent selection across multiple predation environments has not been fully supported by empirical results. One reason may be that traits that respond slowly to environmental variation experience a fitness cost not incorporated in the standard adaptive model, due to a time lag between detecting the state of the environment and expressing the phenotypic response. I measured the rate at which behavior and morphology of Rana temporaria tadpoles change when confronted with a switch in the predation environment at two points in development. Hatchling tadpoles that had been exposed during the egg stage to Aeshna dragonfly larvae were not phenotypically different from those exposed as eggs to predator-free conditions, and both responded similarly to post-hatching predator treatments. When 25-day-old tadpoles from treatments with and without dragonflies were subjected to a switch in the environment, their activity budgets reversed completely within 24-36 h, and their body and tail shape began changing significantly within 4 days. The behavioral response was conservative: Tadpoles switched from high-risk to predator-free treatments were slower to adjust t...Continue Reading

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Citations

May 22, 2008·Biology Letters·Zoe E SquiresBob B M Wong
Jun 12, 2008·Ecology·Anssi LaurilaAne T Laugen
May 13, 2006·The Journal of Animal Ecology·Osamu Kishida, Kinya Nishimura
Jun 20, 2006·Journal of Evolutionary Biology·A G NiciezaE M S Atienza
Aug 8, 2014·Journal of Evolutionary Biology·S J Plaistow, H Collin
Apr 12, 2014·PLoS Computational Biology·Bram KuijperStuart Townley
Mar 28, 2017·Evolution; International Journal of Organic Evolution·Josh Van Buskirk
Aug 23, 2018·Evolution; International Journal of Organic Evolution·Judy A StampsJulia B Saltz
Jun 27, 2019·Ecology and Evolution·Bálint ÜvegesAttila Hettyey
Feb 16, 2021·Ecological Applications : a Publication of the Ecological Society of America·Devin K JonesRick A Relyea

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