Phosphatase and Tensin Homologue: Novel Regulation by Developmental Signaling

Journal of Signal Transduction
Travis J Jerde

Abstract

Phosphatase and tensin homologue (PTEN) is a critical cell endogenous inhibitor of phosphoinositide signaling in mammalian cells. PTEN dephosphorylates phosphoinositide trisphosphate (PIP3), and by so doing PTEN has the function of negative regulation of Akt, thereby inhibiting this key intracellular signal transduction pathway. In numerous cell types, PTEN loss-of-function mutations result in unopposed Akt signaling, producing numerous effects on cells. Numerous reports exist regarding mutations in PTEN leading to unregulated Akt and human disease, most notably cancer. However, less is commonly known about nonmutational regulation of PTEN. This review focuses on an emerging literature on the regulation of PTEN at the transcriptional, posttranscriptional, translational, and posttranslational levels. Specifically, a focus is placed on the role developmental signaling pathways play in PTEN regulation; this includes insulin-like growth factor, NOTCH, transforming growth factor, bone morphogenetic protein, wnt, and hedgehog signaling. The regulation of PTEN by developmental mediators affects critical biological processes including neuronal and organ development, stem cell maintenance, cell cycle regulation, inflammation, response t...Continue Reading

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Citations

Jul 2, 2016·Free Radical Research·Xiuwu ZhangZeljko Vujaskovic
Oct 1, 2019·Advances in Anatomic Pathology·Mohammed AkhtarAjayeb D M H Al-Nabet
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Methods Mentioned

BETA
ubiquitination
acetylation
GTPases
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