Phosphate graphene as an intrinsically osteoinductive scaffold for stem cell-driven bone regeneration

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
Anne M ArnoldStefanie A Sydlik

Abstract

Synthetic, resorbable scaffolds for bone regeneration have potential to transform the clinical standard of care. Here, we demonstrate that functional graphenic materials (FGMs) could serve as an osteoinductive scaffold: recruiting native cells to the site of injury and promoting differentiation into bone cells. By invoking a Lewis acid-catalyzed Arbuzov reaction, we are able to functionalize graphene oxide (GO) to produce phosphate graphenes (PGs) with unprecedented control of functional group density, mechanical properties, and counterion identity. In aqueous environments, PGs release inducerons, including Ca2+ and PO43- Calcium phosphate graphene (CaPG) intrinsically induces osteogenesis in vitro and in the presence of bone marrow stromal cells (BMSCs), can induce ectopic bone formation in vivo. Additionally, an FGM can be made by noncovalently loading GO with the growth factor recombinant human bone morphogenetic protein 2 (rhBMP-2), producing a scaffold that induces ectopic bone formation with or without BMSCs. The FGMs reported here are intrinsically inductive scaffolds with significant potential to revolutionize the regeneration of bone.

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Citations

Jul 17, 2019·Biomaterials Science·Karoline E EckhartStefanie A Sydlik
Jan 12, 2020·Journal of Biomedical Materials Research. Part a·Leila Daneshmandi, Cato T Laurencin
Jun 6, 2020·Nanotechnology·Xiaofeng DaiKostya Ken Ostrikov
Dec 17, 2020·Advanced Healthcare Materials·Zoe M WrightStefanie A Sydlik
Feb 11, 2021·Nanomaterials·Pietro BelletFrancesco Filippini
Mar 2, 2021·Journal of Materials Chemistry. B, Materials for Biology and Medicine·Tao SongXingdong Zhang
Mar 2, 2021·Advanced Healthcare Materials·Brian D HoltStefanie A Sydlik
Jul 6, 2020·Trends in Biotechnology·Leila DaneshmandiCato T Laurencin
Apr 29, 2021·Journal of Dental Research·F S HosseiniC T Laurencin
Dec 16, 2020·ACS Biomaterials Science & Engineering·Vianni ChopraDeepa Ghosh
Nov 10, 2021·Tissue Engineering. Part B, Reviews·Wenqiang XueYongzhen Yang
Nov 20, 2021·ACS Biomaterials Science & Engineering·Marjan BahraminasabMohammad Sadegh Nourbakhsh

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