Phosphorylation of SUMO-1 occurs in vivo and is conserved through evolution

Journal of Proteome Research
Ivan MaticMatthias Mann

Abstract

Protein dynamics is regulated by an elaborate interplay between different post-translational modifications. Ubiquitin and ubiquitin-like proteins (Ubls) are small proteins that are covalently conjugated to target proteins with important functional consequences. One such modifier is SUMO, which mainly modifies nuclear proteins. SUMO contains a unique N-terminal arm not present in ubiquitin and other Ubls, which functions in the formation of SUMO polymers. Here, we unambiguously show that serine 2 of the endogenous SUMO-1 N-terminal protrusion is phosphorylated in vivo using very high mass accuracy mass spectrometry at both the MS and the MS/MS level and complementary fragmentation techniques. Strikingly, we detected the same phosphorylation in yeast, Drosophila and human cells, suggesting an evolutionary conserved function for this modification. The nearly identical human SUMO-2 and SUMO-3 isoforms differ in serine 2; thus, only SUMO-3 could be phosphorylated at this position. Our finding that SUMO can be modified may point to an additional level of complexity through modifying a protein-modifier.

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Citations

May 5, 2009·The Journal of Biological Chemistry·Rodolfo ZuninoHeidi M McBride
Sep 20, 2011·Bioinformatics·Brett Trost, Anthony Kusalik
Aug 27, 2009·PloS One·Andrew SkiltonFelicity Z Watts
Apr 18, 2012·PloS One·Yee-Fun SuJaulang Hwang
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Aug 31, 2013·Neuromolecular Medicine·Mathias DroescherAndrea Pichler
Apr 3, 2013·The Journal of Cell Biology·Tharan SrikumarBrian Raught
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Dec 8, 2020·Frontiers in Physiology·Sumita MishraMark J Ranek
Jul 3, 2021·The FEBS Journal·Nathaniel L HepowitJason A MacGurn
Jul 30, 2020·Structure·Jiuyang LiuTatiana G Kutateladze

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