Photobiomodulation combined with photodynamic therapy using ruthenium phthalocyanine complexes in A375 melanoma cells: Effects of nitric oxide generation and ATP production
Abstract
Light irradiation has been used in clinical therapy for several decades. In this context, photobiomodulation (PBM) modulates signaling pathways via ROS, ATP, Ca2+, while photodynamic therapy (PDT) generates reactive oxygen species by excitation of a photosensitizer. NO generation could be an important tool when combined with both kinds of light therapy. By using a metal-based compound, we found that PBM combined with PDT could be a beneficial cancer treatment option. We used two types of ruthenium compounds, ([Ru(Pc)], Pc = phthalocyanine) and trans-[Ru(NO)(NO2)(Pc)]. The UV-vis spectra of both complexes displayed a band in the 660 nm region. In the case of 0.5 μM trans-[Ru(NO)(NO2)(Pc)], light irradiation at the Q-band reduced the percentage of viable human melanoma (A375) cells to around 50% as compared to [Ru(Pc)]. We hypothesized that these results were due to a synergistic effect between singlet oxygen and nitric oxide. Similar experiments performed with PDT (660 nm) combined with PBM (850 nm) induced more photocytotoxicity using both [Ru(Pc)] and trans-[Ru(NO)(NO2)(Pc)]. This was interpreted as PBM increasing cell metabolism (ATP production) and the consequent higher uptake of the ruthenium phthalocyanine compounds and mo...Continue Reading
References
Citations
Related Concepts
Related Feeds
Apoptosis in Cancer
Apoptosis is an important mechanism in cancer. By evading apoptosis, tumors can continue to grow without regulation and metastasize systemically. Many therapies are evaluating the use of pro-apoptotic activation to eliminate cancer growth. Here is the latest research on apoptosis in cancer.
Apoptosis
Apoptosis is a specific process that leads to programmed cell death through the activation of an evolutionary conserved intracellular pathway leading to pathognomic cellular changes distinct from cellular necrosis