Photosensitizers Based on G-Quadruplex Ligand for Cancer Photodynamic Therapy.

Genes
Keiko KawauchiDaisuke Miyoshi

Abstract

G-quadruplex (G4) is the non-canonical secondary structure of DNA and RNA formed by guanine-rich sequences. G4-forming sequences are abundantly located in telomeric regions and in the promoter and untranslated regions (UTR) of cancer-related genes, such as RAS and MYC. Extensive research has suggested that G4 is a potential molecular target for cancer therapy. Here, we reviewed G4 ligands as photosensitizers for cancer photodynamic therapy (PDT), which is a minimally invasive therapeutic approach. The photosensitizers, such as porphyrins, were found to be highly toxic against cancer cells via the generation of reactive oxidative species (ROS) upon photo-irradiation. Several porphyrin derivatives and analogs, such as phthalocyanines, which can generate ROS upon photo-irradiation, have been reported to act as G4 ligands. Therefore, they have been implicated as promising photosensitizers that can selectively break down cancer-related DNA and RNA forming G4. In this review, we majorly focused on the potential application of G4 ligands as photosensitizers, which would provide a novel strategy for PDT, especially molecularly targeted PDT (mtPDT).

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Citations

Feb 27, 2021·Molecular Cancer·Nils KosiolKatrin Paeschke
May 2, 2021·Trends in Genetics : TIG·Václav BrázdaRichard P Bowater
Jul 11, 2021·Nucleic Acids Research·Hisae Tateishi-Karimata, Naoki Sugimoto

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Methods Mentioned

BETA
nuclear
X-ray
circular dichroism
in vitro transcription

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