Phylogenetic and coalescent analysis of three loci suggest that the Water Rail is divisible into two species, Rallus aquaticus and R. indicus.

BMC Evolutionary Biology
Erika S TavaresAllan J Baker

Abstract

Water Rails (Rallus aquaticus) inhabit fragmented freshwater wetlands across their Palearctic distribution. Disjunct populations are now thought to be morphologically similar over their vast geographic range, though four subspecies had been recognized previously. The fossil record suggests that Water Rails (R. aquaticus) were already spread across the Palearctic by the Pleistocene approximately 2 million years ago, and the oldest fossil remains thought to be closely related to the common ancestor of water rails date from the Pliocene. To investigate population structure in Water Rails at the genetic level we sequenced three independent loci: 686 base pairs (bp) of the mitochondrial DNA COI barcode; 618 bp of the intron ADH5; and 746 bp of the exon PTPN12. Phylogeographic analysis revealed that Water Rails breeding in eastern Asia (R. a. indicus, also known as the Brown-cheeked Rail) are strongly differentiated from the Water Rails in Western and Middle Asia and Europe (R. a. aquaticus and R. a. korejewi). The Kimura 3-parameter plus Gamma COI genetic distance between these two geographic groups was > 3%, and they differed by 18 diagnostic substitutions commensurate with differences between recently diverged sister species of bi...Continue Reading

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Citations

Sep 6, 2012·Evolution; International Journal of Organic Evolution·Chih-Ming HungRobert M Zink
Jan 29, 2013·Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution·B WielstraJ W Arntzen
Jul 31, 2012·Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution·Allan J BakerErika Sendra Tavares
Sep 27, 2014·Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution·Juan C Garcia-RSteve A Trewick
Mar 13, 2012·International Journal of Molecular Sciences·Ibrahim A ArifWaad I Arif
Dec 15, 2010·Evolutionary Bioinformatics Online·Haseeb Ahmad KhanMohammad Shobrak

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