Phylogenetic characterization and prevalence of "Spirobacillus cienkowskii," a red-pigmented, spiral-shaped bacterial pathogen of freshwater Daphnia species

Applied and Environmental Microbiology
Jorge L M RodriguesThomas M Schmidt

Abstract

Microscopic examination of the hemolymph from diseased daphniids in 17 lakes in southwestern Michigan and five rock pools in southern Finland revealed the presence of tightly coiled bacteria that bore striking similarities to the drawings of a morphologically unique pathogen, "Spirobacillus cienkowskii," first described by Elya Metchnikoff more than 100 years ago. The uncultivated microbe was identified as a deeply branching member of the Deltaproteobacteria through phylogenetic analyses of two conserved genes: the 16S rRNA-encoding gene (rrs) and the beta-subunit of topoisomerase (gyrB). Fluorescence in situ hybridization confirmed that the rRNA gene sequence originated from bacteria with the tightly coiled morphology. Microscopy and PCR amplification with pathogen-specific primers confirmed infections by this bacterium in four species of Daphnia: Daphnia dentifera, D. magna, D. pulicaria, and D. retrocurva. Extensive field surveys reveal that this bacterium is widespread geographically and able to infect many different cladoceran species. In a survey of populations of D. dentifera in lakes in Michigan, we found the bacterium in 17 of 18 populations studied. In these populations, 0 to 12% of the individuals were infected, with...Continue Reading

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Citations

Sep 22, 2009·Applied and Environmental Microbiology·Justyna WolinskaHenrike Koerner
Nov 21, 2009·Biologicals : Journal of the International Association of Biological Standardization·Jennifer Sue GrayJenifer Imig Fenton
May 21, 2016·FEMS Microbiology Ecology·Sebastian Dirren, Thomas Posch
Jun 17, 2008·Current Opinion in Microbiology·Dieter Ebert
Jan 7, 2020·International Journal of Systematic and Evolutionary Microbiology·Alexandra PittMartin W Hahn

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