Phylogenetic diversification of glycogen synthase kinase 3/SHAGGY-like kinase genes in plants

BMC Plant Biology
Mi-Jeong YooDouglas E Soltis

Abstract

The glycogen synthase kinase 3 (GSK3)/SHAGGY-like kinases (GSKs) are non-receptor serine/threonine protein kinases that are involved in a variety of biological processes. In contrast to the two members of the GSK3 family in mammals, plants appear to have a much larger set of divergent GSK genes. Plant GSKs are encoded by a multigene family; analysis of the Arabidopsis genome revealed the existence of 10 GSK genes that fall into four major groups. Here we characterized the structure of Arabidopsis and rice GSK genes and conducted the first broad phylogenetic analysis of the plant GSK gene family, covering a taxonomically diverse array of algal and land plant sequences. We found that the structure of GSK genes is generally conserved in Arabidopsis and rice, although we documented examples of exon expansion and intron loss. Our phylogenetic analyses of 139 sequences revealed four major clades of GSK genes that correspond to the four subgroups initially recognized in Arabidopsis. ESTs from basal angiosperms were represented in all four major clades; GSK homologs from the basal angiosperm Persea americana (avocado) appeared in all four clades. Gymnosperm sequences occurred in clades I, III, and IV, and a sequence of the red alga Por...Continue Reading

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Citations

Dec 3, 2013·Molecules and Cells·Ji-Hyun YounTae-Wuk Kim
Apr 12, 2007·Plant Molecular Biology·Gaëlle ClaisseMartin Kreis
Apr 19, 2013·BMC Plant Biology·Thomas BittnerChristiane Fischer-Iglesias
Mar 18, 2008·Genome Biology·Douglas E SoltisPamela S Soltis
Mar 19, 2008·BioEssays : News and Reviews in Molecular, Cellular and Developmental Biology·André S ChanderbaliPamela S Soltis
Oct 16, 2015·BMC Plant Biology·Thomas BittnerChristiane Fischer-Iglesias
Dec 21, 2006·The Journal of Biological Chemistry·Michael WrzaczekClaudia Jonak
Jun 24, 2020·International Journal of Molecular Sciences·Jingjue ZengJianmin Tao

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Methods Mentioned

BETA
CHART

Software Mentioned

MacClade
TreeBASE
MP
CAP3 Sequence Assembly Program
ModelTest
Se
AA
Al
PAUP
BLAST

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