Phylogenetic relationships among zooxanthellae (Symbiodinium) associated to excavating sponges (Cliona spp.) reveal an unexpected lineage in the Caribbean

Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution
Camila GranadosJuan A Sánchez

Abstract

Phylogenetic relationships of symbiotic dinoflagellate lineages, distributed in all tropical and subtropical seas, suggest strategies for long distance dispersal but at the same time strong host specialization. Zooxanthellae (Symbiodinium: Dinophyta), which are associated to diverse shallow-water cnidarians, also engage in symbioses with some sponge species of the genus Cliona. In the Caribbean, zooxanthellae-bearing Cliona has recently become abundant due to global warming, overfishing, and algae abundance. Using molecular techniques, the symbionts from five excavating species (Clionacaribbaea, C. tenuis, C. varians, C. aprica and C. laticavicola) from the southern and southwestern Caribbean were surveyed. Several DNA sequence regions were used in order to confirm zooxanthellae identity; 18S rDNA, domain V of chloroplast large subunit (cp23S), internal transcribed spacer 2 (ITS2), and ITS2 secondary structure. Sequence analyses corroborated the presence of three zooxanthellae clades: A, B, and G. Presence of clades A and B in common boring sponges of the Caribbean fit with the general pattern of the province. The discovery of clade G for the first time in any organism of the Atlantic Ocean leads us to consider this unusual fin...Continue Reading

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Oct 1, 2011·Biology Letters·Carolina Castro-Sanguino, Juan A Sánchez
Mar 13, 2012·Biological Reviews of the Cambridge Philosophical Society·Hill Malcolm, Hill April
Apr 21, 2010·FEMS Microbiology Ecology·Julie B Olson, Christina A Kellogg
May 29, 2018·Biological Reviews of the Cambridge Philosophical Society·Jenny Melo ClavijoGregor Christa
May 31, 2018·Scientific Reports·Blake D RamsbyNicole S Webster
Jul 19, 2020·The Journal of Eukaryotic Microbiology·Despoina KonstantinouSpyros Gkelis

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