Phylogeny and biogeography of Rhododendron subsection Pontica, a group with a tertiary relict distribution

Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution
Richard Ian Milne

Abstract

Rhododendron subgenus Hymenanthes subsection Pontica is exceptional among Tertiary relict groups in having a high proportion of species (4 of 11) native to SW Eurasia. A phylogeny based on cpDNA matK and trnL-F indicated that multiple Pontica lineages colonised each of SW Eurasia, SE North America, and NE Asia, with little or no speciation within regions thereafter. Therefore, multiple (3-4) Pontica lineages survived the Quaternary in SW Eurasia, in contrast to other Tertiary relict genera. Pontica comprises two major clades, one of which is wholly Eurasian, and paraphyletic with respect to at least some of the remaining 200 species of subgenus Hymenanthes, which are all distributed in SE Asia. The other clade has species from W and SE North America, SW Eurasia, and NE Asia. According to synonymous matK substitution data, the two clades diverged 9-6 million years ago (mya), whereas most divergence within them happened 5-3 mya. Although the phylogeny indicates probable trans-Atlantic migration for one of two America-Eurasia disjunctions in Pontica, the timing supports migration via Beringia for both.

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Citations

Oct 17, 2013·International Journal of Molecular Sciences·Tsai-Wen HsuYu-Chung Chiang
Jul 10, 2010·Genome Génome / Conseil National De Recherches Canada·Małgorzata CzernickaEwa Grzebelus
Jun 12, 2009·The New Phytologist·Simcha Lev-Yadun, Jarmo K Holopainen
Oct 25, 2011·Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution·Erika Aguirre-PlanterLuis E Eguiarte
Mar 22, 2012·American Journal of Botany·Emily B SessaThomas J Givnish
Aug 6, 2019·Ecology and Evolution·Rui YangXun Gong
Sep 4, 2021·Cladistics : the International Journal of the Willi Hennig Society·Zi-Wei YinChen-Yang Cai

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