Phylogeographic reconstruction of HIV type 1B in Montenegro and the Balkan region

AIDS Research and Human Retroviruses
Massimo CiccozziGianguglielmo Zehender

Abstract

Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) is one of the most genetically variable human viruses as it is characterized by high rates of mutation, viral replication, and recombination. Phylodynamics is a powerful means of describing the behavior of an infection as a combination of evolutionary and ecological processes. Only a few studies of HIV-1 molecular epidemiology have so far been carried out in the Balkans. In this study, we used Bayesian methods to reconstruct the phylogeography and phylodynamics of HIV-1B in Montenegro and some other Balkan countries on the basis of pol gene sequences retrieved from a public database. The phylogenetic analysis showed that 43% of the isolates grouped in accordance with their geographic area, whereas the majority were interspersed in the tree, thus confirming the multiple introductions of HIV-1B in the Balkans. The Bayesian phylogeographic analysis suggested that HIV-1B entered the Balkans in the early 1970s probably through Greece and other Mediterranean tourist/travel destinations (such as Slovenia). Other Balkan countries, such as Bulgaria and Serbia, may have played an important role in spreading the infection to the entire Eastern Mediterranean area, and possibly to Northeast Europe. This su...Continue Reading

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Citations

Nov 28, 2012·BMC Infectious Diseases·Massimo CiccozziMarco Ciotti
Aug 8, 2015·Journal of Medical Virology·Alessandra Lo PrestiMassimo Ciccozzi
Jun 5, 2016·Asian Pacific Journal of Tropical Medicine·Marta GiovanettiMassimo Ciccozzi
Apr 18, 2016·Infection, Genetics and Evolution : Journal of Molecular Epidemiology and Evolutionary Genetics in Infectious Diseases·Alessandra Lo PrestiMassimo Ciccozzi
Jun 26, 2013·Infection, Genetics and Evolution : Journal of Molecular Epidemiology and Evolutionary Genetics in Infectious Diseases·Marina SiljicMaja Stanojevic
Jul 10, 2016·Asian Pacific Journal of Tropical Medicine·Silvia AngelettiMassimo Ciccozzi
Dec 22, 2016·PloS One·Santiago Pérez-ParraFederico García
Jan 13, 2018·The Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy·S Pérez-ParraF García

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