Physical Activity and Bone Accretion: Isotemporal Modeling and Genetic Interactions

Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise
Jonathan A MitchellBabette S Zemel

Abstract

This study aimed to determine if replacing time spent in high- and low-impact physical activity (PA) predicts changes in pediatric bone mineral density (BMD) and content (BMC). We analyzed data from the longitudinal Bone Mineral Density in Childhood Study (N = 2337 with up to seven visits). The participants were age 5-19 yr at baseline, 51.2% were female, and 80.6% were nonblack. Spine, total hip, and femoral neck areal BMD and total body less head (TBLH) BMC Z-scores were calculated. Hours per day spent in high- and low-impact PA were self-reported. Standard covariate-adjusted (partition model) and time allocation-sensitive isotemporal substitution modeling frameworks were applied to linear mixed models. Statistical interactions with sex, self-reported ancestry, age, and bone fragility genetic scores (percentage of areal BMD-lowering alleles carried) were tested. In standard models, high-impact PA was positively associated with bone Z-score at all four skeletal sites (e.g., TBLH-BMC Z-score: beta = 0.05, P = 2.0 × 10), whereas low-impact PA was not associated with any of the bone Z-scores. In isotemporal substitution models, replacing 1 h·d of low- for high-impact PA was associated with higher bone Z-scores (e.g., TBLH-BMC Z-s...Continue Reading

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Citations

Oct 18, 2018·Journal of Bone and Mineral Research : the Official Journal of the American Society for Bone and Mineral Research·Joanne A McVeighLeon Straker
Aug 10, 2019·JAMA Network Open·Ahmed ElhakeemDeborah A Lawlor
Aug 18, 2020·JAMA Network Open·Ahmed ElhakeemDeborah A Lawlor

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