Physical exercise in multiple sclerosis: supportive care or a putative disease-modifying treatment

Expert Review of Neurotherapeutics
Christoph HeesenKarl-Heinz Schulz

Abstract

Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a neuroinflammatory and neurodegenerative disease affecting young adults and leading to considerable disability. For many years, patients have been advised to avoid physical activity. Today, however, an increasing number of studies have shown beneficial effects of exercise training in MS. It has been reported that such programs not only improve fitness parameters but can also enhance quality of life and beneficially affect some suggestive disability measures. Pilot studies even indicate a neuroprotective potential. This review summarizes the findings of the major clinical trials on exercise in MS. Possible biological effect mediators, such as neurotrophic factors or anti-inflammatory cytokines, will be discussed. Exercise management guidelines will be proposed and possible further research strategies are presented.

References

Jun 1, 1995·Current Opinion in Neurology·S M Rao
Oct 1, 1993·Journal of Applied Physiology·B BaslundB K Pedersen
Apr 1, 1996·Annals of Neurology·J H PetajanR W Hicks
Jun 1, 1996·Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise·E B PepinC G Jackson
Jan 1, 1996·European Journal of Applied Physiology and Occupational Physiology·C Le PageA Ferry
May 21, 1998·Brain Research·W PanA J Kastin
Dec 5, 1998·Canadian Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology·H NorthoffC Weinstock
Feb 2, 1999·The Journal of Physiology·K OstrowskiB K Pedersen
May 1, 1999·Sports Medicine·J H Petajan, A T White
May 18, 1999·JAMA : the Journal of the American Medical Association·J K SmithS Berk
Jul 14, 2000·Physiological Reviews·B K Pedersen, L Hoffman-Goetz
Feb 13, 2001·Journal of Neurology, Neurosurgery, and Psychiatry·C M WilesA Morgan
Apr 5, 2001·Health Expectations : an International Journal of Public Participation in Health Care and Health Policy·M SomersetT J Peters
Jun 28, 2002·Trends in Neurosciences·Carl W Cotman, Nicole C Berchtold
Oct 17, 2002·Journal of Applied Physiology·Maria R BonsignoreJames C Hogg
Mar 29, 2003·Psychological Science·Stanley Colcombe, Arthur F Kramer
Jun 25, 2003·Neurology·Steven R SchwidUNKNOWN NASA/MS Cooling Study Group
Oct 30, 2003·Brain, Behavior, and Immunity·Christoph HeesenKarl-Heinz Schulz
Jan 31, 2004·British Journal of Sports Medicine·G E Moore
Feb 18, 2004·Archives of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation·Louisa S DeBolt, Jeffrey A McCubbin
Feb 24, 2004·Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America·Stanley J ColcombeSteriani Elavsky
May 1, 2004·Brain, Behavior, and Immunity·Edward McAuleyStanley J Colcombe
May 6, 2004·Multiple Sclerosis : Clinical and Laboratory Research·Rex D SimmonsPeter Sheridan
May 6, 2004·Multiple Sclerosis : Clinical and Laboratory Research·A RombergJ Ruutiainen
May 12, 2004·Clinical Neurophysiology : Official Journal of the International Federation of Clinical Neurophysiology·A SaariV Myllylä
Jul 2, 2004·Brain : a Journal of Neurology·Kazuya TakahashiTakashi Yamamura
Oct 1, 2004·Brain : a Journal of Neurology·Katrin MorgenLeonardo G Cohen
Dec 4, 2004·Sports Medicine·Lesley J White, Rudolph H Dressendorfer
Jan 29, 2005·Journal of Aging and Physical Activity·M Elaine CressWojtek Chodzko-Zajko
Feb 12, 2005·Archives of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation·Chad C CarrollScott W Trappe

❮ Previous
Next ❯

Citations

Jul 10, 2012·Journal of Neurology·Serafin BeerJürg Kesselring
Sep 29, 2011·Metabolic Brain Disease·Priscila Nicolao MazzolaCarlos Severo Dutra-Filho
Jul 19, 2013·Multiple Sclerosis International·Swathi BalantrapuRobert W Motl
Feb 8, 2014·Biomedical Engineering Online·Layal ShammasAsarnusch Rashid
Aug 15, 2014·Der Ophthalmologe : Zeitschrift der Deutschen Ophthalmologischen Gesellschaft·S Beer, J Kesselring
Mar 19, 2008·Annals of Behavioral Medicine : a Publication of the Society of Behavioral Medicine·Robert W Motl, Erin M Snook
May 9, 2013·Disability and Rehabilitation·Rachel MarkwickJacky Conduit
May 23, 2012·Archives of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation·Mehdi KargarfardReza Hayatbakhsh
Oct 6, 2009·Archives of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation·Robert W MotlYoojin Suh
Jan 31, 2009·Acta Neurologica Scandinavica·C DettmersM Vieten
Jan 4, 2012·Acta Neurologica Scandinavica·B M SandroffR W Motl
Dec 17, 2014·Journal of Neuroscience Research·William M PryorLesley J White
Jan 3, 2014·Clinical & Developmental Immunology·Nathalie DeckxNathalie Cools
Dec 1, 2006·NeuroImage·Ruchika Shaurya PrakashArthur F Kramer
Jan 1, 2014·Multiple Sclerosis and Related Disorders·Brian M SandroffJohn H Pula
Jul 8, 2014·Journal of Neuroimmunology·Rachel E KlarenStephen D Miller
Mar 6, 2015·Journal of Neurologic Physical Therapy : JNPT·Brian M SandroffRobert W Motl
Jul 5, 2012·Multiple Sclerosis : Clinical and Laboratory Research·T KjølhedeU Dalgas
Sep 21, 2007·Multiple Sclerosis : Clinical and Laboratory Research·U DalgasT Ingemann-Hansen
Oct 1, 2009·Disability and Health Journal·Susan S LevyGianni F Maddalozzo
Mar 22, 2012·Therapeutic Advances in Neurological Disorders·Ulrik Dalgas, Egon Stenager
Oct 19, 2017·NeuroRehabilitation·Kathrin SchlüterKarl-Heinz Schulz
Oct 25, 2008·Neurorehabilitation and Neural Repair·Erin M Snook, Robert W Motl
Jan 1, 2007·Applied Physiology, Nutrition, and Metabolism = Physiologie Appliquée, Nutrition Et Métabolisme·Kathleen A Martin Ginis, Audrey L Hicks
Sep 6, 2019·Journal of Neuroscience Research·Ling Yi GuoVoon Wee Yong
Dec 16, 2010·The Canadian Journal of Neurological Sciences. Le Journal Canadien Des Sciences Neurologiques·Luke F ReynoldsStephen S Cheung

❮ Previous
Next ❯

Related Concepts

Trending Feeds

COVID-19

Coronaviruses encompass a large family of viruses that cause the common cold as well as more serious diseases, such as the ongoing outbreak of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19; formally known as 2019-nCoV). Coronaviruses can spread from animals to humans; symptoms include fever, cough, shortness of breath, and breathing difficulties; in more severe cases, infection can lead to death. This feed covers recent research on COVID-19.

Blastomycosis

Blastomycosis fungal infections spread through inhaling Blastomyces dermatitidis spores. Discover the latest research on blastomycosis fungal infections here.

Nuclear Pore Complex in ALS/FTD

Alterations in nucleocytoplasmic transport, controlled by the nuclear pore complex, may be involved in the pathomechanism underlying multiple neurodegenerative diseases including Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis and Frontotemporal Dementia. Here is the latest research on the nuclear pore complex in ALS and FTD.

Applications of Molecular Barcoding

The concept of molecular barcoding is that each original DNA or RNA molecule is attached to a unique sequence barcode. Sequence reads having different barcodes represent different original molecules, while sequence reads having the same barcode are results of PCR duplication from one original molecule. Discover the latest research on molecular barcoding here.

Chronic Fatigue Syndrome

Chronic fatigue syndrome is a disease characterized by unexplained disabling fatigue; the pathology of which is incompletely understood. Discover the latest research on chronic fatigue syndrome here.

Evolution of Pluripotency

Pluripotency refers to the ability of a cell to develop into three primary germ cell layers of the embryo. This feed focuses on the mechanisms that underlie the evolution of pluripotency. Here is the latest research.

Position Effect Variegation

Position Effect Variagation occurs when a gene is inactivated due to its positioning near heterochromatic regions within a chromosome. Discover the latest research on Position Effect Variagation here.

STING Receptor Agonists

Stimulator of IFN genes (STING) are a group of transmembrane proteins that are involved in the induction of type I interferon that is important in the innate immune response. The stimulation of STING has been an active area of research in the treatment of cancer and infectious diseases. Here is the latest research on STING receptor agonists.

Microbicide

Microbicides are products that can be applied to vaginal or rectal mucosal surfaces with the goal of preventing, or at least significantly reducing, the transmission of sexually transmitted infections. Here is the latest research on microbicides.