Physical Therapy Services for People With Intellectual and Developmental Disabilities: The Role of Medicaid Home- and Community-Based Service Waivers

Physical Therapy
Carli Friedman, Heather A Feldner

Abstract

Care and support for people with intellectual and developmental disabilities (IDD) in natural community contexts are increasing. Many people with IDD use physical therapy services to support their community participation. Medicaid Home- and Community-Based Services (HCBS) 1915(c) waivers are the largest providers of long-term services and supports for people with IDD. However, little is known about physical therapy provision under this program. The aim of this study was to compare the operational definitions of physical therapy service under the HCBS 1915(c) waiver system and to describe projected physical therapy service utilization, spending, and reimbursement for people with IDD across states. This was a cross-sectional, descriptive study. This study analyzed fiscal year 2015 HCBS IDD waivers from across the nation (N = 111), focusing on physical therapy utilization (total projected spending, total participants, reimbursement rates, and average annual service provision per participant). Service definitions were also analyzed to determine trends across waivers. Fifty-one waivers (45.9%) provided 61 different types of physical therapy services in fiscal year 2015. States utilized waivers to provide long-term remedial care rath...Continue Reading

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