PMID: 2485032Jan 1, 1987Paper

Physical training, vegetative regulation, and cardiac hypertrophy

Journal of Cardiovascular Pharmacology
H H DickhuthJ Keul

Abstract

Dynamic physical training leads to functional and structural adaptations in the cardiovascular system. Functional changes, such as bradycardia, occur after only relatively little training and in advance of structural changes. They are the result of elevated parasympathetic tone at rest and reduced sympathetic activity in the submaximal range. Sympathetic activity cannot be correlated only with the plasma catecholamine level because the affinity and density of the beta-receptors and alpha receptors are influenced by training. In humans, endurance training appears to result in an elevation in beta 2-receptors and a decrease in alpha 2 receptors; the results of animal experiments are discrepant. Conformant, however, is the increased responsiveness of the myocardium to isoproterenol with respect to the mechanical response. Independent of this, other changes at the membrane level must be discussed since the intrinsic heart frequency is reduced in athletic individuals following autonomic blockade, even before hypertrophy can be observed. The functional changes remain intact or intensify when cardiac hypertrophy is induced by increased training. The maximum values for training-induced hypertrophy [left ventricular muscle mass (LVM) = ...Continue Reading

Citations

Mar 1, 1990·Clinical Cardiology·M LehmannA Schmid
Oct 15, 2008·Clinical Research in Cardiology : Official Journal of the German Cardiac Society·Jörg Lauschke, Bernhard Maisch
Feb 2, 2006·European Journal of Cardiovascular Prevention and Rehabilitation : Official Journal of the European Society of Cardiology, Working Groups on Epidemiology & Prevention and Cardiac Rehabilitation and Exercise Physiology·Julie BarbierFrançois Carré
Aug 22, 2007·Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America·Nicole H PurcellJeffery D Molkentin
Jun 11, 2019·Frontiers in Physiology·Christoph SchneiderAlexander Ferrauti

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