Physiological adaptations of stressed fish to polluted environments: role of heat shock proteins

Reviews of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology
Ekambaram Padmini

Abstract

Fish are subjected to a wide variety of environmental stressors. Stressors affect fish at all life stages and the stress-specific responses that occur at the biochemical and physiological levels affect the overall health and longevity of such animals. In this review, the organ-specific alterations in fish that inhabit polluted environments are addressed in detail. Fish,like other vertebrates, have evolved strategies to counteract stress-mediated effects. Among the key strategies that fish have developed is the induction of HSPs. The primary functions of HSPs are to promote the proper folding or refolding of proteins, to prevent potentially damaging interactions with proteins, and aiding in the disassembly of formations of protein aggregates. Stress, a state of unbalanced tissue oxidation, causes a general disturbance in the cellular antioxidant and redox balance and evokes HSP70 overexpression. Distinct families of HSPs have diverse physiological functions, and their induction, which is regulated at the transcriptional level, is mediated by the activation of heat shock factors. Interestingly, HSPs also interact with a wide variety of signaling molecules that modulate stress-mediated apoptotic effects. Hence, HSP induction is of...Continue Reading

Citations

Aug 10, 2012·Physiology·Dietmar Kültz
Jan 22, 2013·Environmental Science and Pollution Research International·K SrikanthI Ahmad
Apr 5, 2019·The Science of the Total Environment·Hélène ArambourouChloé Bonnineau

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