Physiological and pathological roles of exosomes in the nervous system

Biomolecular Concepts
Kohei Yuyama, Yasuyuki Igarashi

Abstract

Exosomes represent a subtype of extracellular nanovesicles that are generated from the luminal budding of limiting endosomal membranes and subsequent exocytosis. They encapsulate or associate with obsolete molecules to eliminate or to transfer their cargos in intercellular communication. The exosomes are also released and transported between neurons and glia in the nervous system, having a broad impact on nerve development, activation and regeneration. Accumulating evidence suggests that the exosomes are attributed to the pathogenesis of several neurodegenerative diseases such as prion disease, Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, as well as aging, in which the exosomes lack the capacity for cellular self-repair and spread their enclosed pathological agents among neurons. In this article, we review the current proposed functions of exosomes in physiological and pathological processes in the nervous system.

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Citations

Apr 5, 2018·Journal of Parkinson's Disease·Daniel W CurryJohn D Elsworth
Feb 28, 2020·Clinical Interventions in Aging·Qingqing YinXunyao Hou
May 11, 2017·Frontiers in Neuroscience·Kohei Yuyama, Yasuyuki Igarashi
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Oct 23, 2020·FASEB Journal : Official Publication of the Federation of American Societies for Experimental Biology·Kohei YuyamaYasuyuki Igarashi
Feb 23, 2021·Journal of Extracellular Vesicles·Ursula S SandauJulie A Saugstad
May 30, 2020·Journal of Affective Disorders·Ke FangJin-Fang Ge
Mar 30, 2021·Frontiers in Oncology·Huikai ZhangQianxue Chen
May 1, 2021·International Journal of Molecular Sciences·Hanadi AnanbehHelena Kupcova Skalnikova
Oct 13, 2021·CNS Neuroscience & Therapeutics·Jared MattinglyJinju Wang

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Methods Mentioned

BETA
GTPases
GTPase
transgenic
gene knockdown

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