Physiological Roles and Adverse Effects of the Two Cystine Importers of Escherichia coli

Journal of Bacteriology
Karin R Chonoles ImlayJames A Imlay

Abstract

When cystine is added to Escherichia coli, the bacterium becomes remarkably sensitive to hydrogen peroxide. This effect is due to enlarged intracellular pools of cysteine, which can drive Fenton chemistry. Genetic analysis linked the sensitivity to YdjN, a secondary transporter that along with the FliY-YecSC ABC system is responsible for cystine uptake. FliY-YecSC has a nanomolar Km and is essential for import of trace cystine, whereas YdjN has a micromolar Km and is the predominant importer when cystine is more abundant. Oddly, both systems are strongly induced by the CysB response to sulfur scarcity. The FliY-YecSC system can import a variety of biomolecules, including diaminopimelate; it is therefore vulnerable to competitive inhibition, presumably warranting YdjN induction under low-sulfur conditions. But the consequence is that if micromolar cystine then becomes available, the abundant YdjN massively overimports it, at >30 times the total sulfur demand of the cell. The imported cystine is rapidly reduced to cysteine in a glutathione-dependent process. This action avoids the hazard of disulfide stress, but it precludes feedback inhibition of YdjN by cystine. We conjecture that YdjN possesses no cysteine allosteric site beca...Continue Reading

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Citations

Dec 3, 2016·Nucleic Acids Research·Ingrid M KeselerPeter D Karp
Jan 26, 2017·The Journal of Microbiology·Minwook KimSung-Jae Lee
Feb 18, 2016·Journal of Bacteriology·Kazuhiro Takumi, Gen Nonaka
Mar 8, 2020·The Journal of Biological Chemistry·Siwar SabrialabedOded Lewinson
Sep 10, 2020·Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America·Alexander MironovEvgeny Nudler
May 24, 2017·Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America·Alexander MironovEvgeny Nudler
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Feb 8, 2019·Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology·Mariko Kondoh, Takashi Hirasawa
Jan 27, 2021·Scientific Reports·Luise GöbbelsMarie Charlotte Schoelmerich
Jan 30, 2021·The Journal of Biological Chemistry·Siwar SabrialabedOded Lewinson
Mar 28, 2021·The FEBS Journal·Carson D Poltorack, Scott J Dixon
Jul 3, 2021·International Journal of Molecular Sciences·Da-Ae GwonJeong Wook Lee
Jul 3, 2021·Molecular Microbiology·Nathan P WasilkoTim I Miyashiro
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