Physiological roles of xanthine oxidoreductase

Drug Metabolism Reviews
R Harrison

Abstract

Xanthine oxidoreductase (XOR) is a major protein component of the milk fat globule membrane (MFGM) surrounding fat droplets in milk and its enzymology is well characterised. The enzyme is widely distributed in mammalian tissues and is generally accepted to be a key enzyme of purine catabolism. It catalyses the oxidation of a wide range of substrates and can pass electrons to molecular oxygen, generating reactive oxygen species (ROS); similar reduction of nitrite yields reactive nitrogen species (RNS). While XOR has been implicated in ischemia-reperfusion injury, its involvement in normal physiological processes has been less studied. It is argued here that XOR-derived ROS and RNS play a role in innate immunity, specifically in the inflammatory response and in anti-microbial defense of the gastrointestinal tract. XOR-derived species could also be involved in signalling. Additionally, XOR is likely to play a part in metabolism of xenobiotics and has recently been shown to mediate the secretion of milk fat globules. The human enzyme has only relatively recently been characterized. The enzyme purified from breast milk shows very low enzymatic activity, and it is suggested that human XOR has evolved so as to be regulated by an excep...Continue Reading

References

Jul 21, 1992·Biochimica Et Biophysica Acta·S AbadehR Harrison
Jun 1, 1991·Journal of Bacteriology·J A DeMoss, P Y Hsu
May 15, 1986·Archives of Biochemistry and Biophysics·T A KrenitskyW W Hall
Jan 1, 1985·Drug Metabolism Reviews·C Beedham
Jun 1, 1972·Archives of Biochemistry and Biophysics·T A KrenitskyG H Hitchings
Oct 19, 1995·Biochimica Et Biophysica Acta·A M BrownR Harrison
Jan 10, 1995·Archives of Biochemistry and Biophysics·L BrunelliJ S Beckman
Jun 1, 1994·Hepatology : Official Journal of the American Association for the Study of Liver Diseases·A KooijW M Frederiks
Jun 1, 1993·Free Radical Biology & Medicine·B F Becker
Nov 1, 1995·The Histochemical Journal·R J Van Den MunckhofW M Frederiks
May 1, 1997·European Journal of Biochemistry·S A SandersR Harrison
Jul 1, 1997·European Journal of Clinical Investigation·M BenboubetraR Harrison
Aug 1, 1997·Biochemical Society Transactions·V Massey, C M Harris
Aug 1, 1997·Biochemical Society Transactions·R Harrison
Jul 27, 1999·Hepatology : Official Journal of the American Association for the Study of Liver Diseases·S Reynoso-PazM E Gershwin
Feb 24, 2000·The Journal of Pathology·D L Carden, D N Granger
Mar 14, 2000·The Journal of Biological Chemistry·B L GodberR Harrison
Mar 17, 2000·Circulation Research·K K GriendlingM Ushio-Fukai
Apr 1, 2000·FASEB Journal : Official Publication of the Federation of American Societies for Experimental Biology·D C HooperS V Spitsin
May 20, 2000·Journal of Mammary Gland Biology and Neoplasia·I H Mather, T W Keenan
Jun 10, 2000·Arteriosclerosis, Thrombosis, and Vascular Biology·M S Wolin
Jun 20, 2000·FEBS Letters·B L GodberR Harrison
Aug 18, 2000·Free Radical Biology & Medicine·R P PatelV M Darley-Usmar
Oct 7, 2000·Lancet·C R StevensD R Blake
May 18, 2001·Biochemical Society Transactions·J T HancockS J Neill
Sep 8, 2001·Journal of Mammary Gland Biology and Neoplasia·T W Keenan
Nov 7, 1996·Chemical Reviews·Russ Hille
Apr 24, 2002·Antioxidants & Redox Signaling·Jun WangSamuel J Black
Jun 25, 2002·Microcirculation : the Official Journal of the Microcirculatory Society, Inc·Avedis Meneshian, Gregory B Bulkley
Sep 5, 2002·Free Radical Biology & Medicine·Roger Harrison
Sep 14, 2002·The Journal of Dermatological Treatment·C HoldenR C D Staughton
Sep 18, 2002·Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy·John T HancockRoger Harrison
Sep 12, 2003·Trends in Immunology·Claudia VorbachMario R Capecchi
Dec 4, 2003·Biochemical Society Transactions·L BehrendR M Zwacka

❮ Previous
Next ❯

Citations

Feb 4, 2009·Antioxidants & Redox Signaling·Konstantin G Birukov
Mar 5, 2009·Antioxidants & Redox Signaling·Gregor Muller, Henning Morawietz
Apr 5, 2011·Antioxidants & Redox Signaling·Yuxing ZhangJi Zhang
Sep 10, 2011·Antioxidants & Redox Signaling·Louise HedskogMaria Ankarcrona
Oct 1, 2013·Thyroid : Official Journal of the American Thyroid Association·Ides M ColinAnne-Catherine Gérard
Jul 25, 2013·Antioxidants & Redox Signaling·Uwe RaazPhilip S Tsao
Jun 3, 2014·Oxidative Medicine and Cellular Longevity·Liang-Jun Yan
Jun 28, 2006·Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America·Horst RobenekNicholas J Severs
May 11, 2011·Expert Opinion on Therapeutic Patents·Jung-Ae KimPritam Thapa
Jan 26, 2010·Expert Opinion on Drug Metabolism & Toxicology·Mohammad-Reza Rashidi, Hossein Nazemiyeh
Sep 29, 2011·Drug Metabolism Reviews·Antje HavemeyerBernd Clement
Jun 26, 2014·Journal of Enzyme Inhibition and Medicinal Chemistry·Mustafa Oğuzhan KayaOzen Özensoy Güler
Jul 13, 2011·The American Journal of the Medical Sciences·Sona MitraJawahar L Mehta
Jan 28, 2016·Aging and Disease·Xiaoting LuoLiang-Jun Yan
Feb 10, 2010·Nitric Oxide : Biology and Chemistry·Liyue HuangJon O Lundberg
Oct 2, 2009·Journal of Proteomics·Begoña CasadoMartin Kussmann
Dec 30, 2015·Experimental Neurobiology·Geon Ha KimSujung Yoon
Jun 17, 2009·Clinical Biochemistry·Jana KodydkováAles Zák
Jul 25, 2009·Free Radical Biology & Medicine·David I Brown, Kathy K Griendling
Mar 8, 2016·International Journal of Biological Macromolecules·Huayuan LinGuoliang Hu
Jul 29, 2015·Microvascular Research·L A A OrellanoS P Andrade
Jul 6, 2013·British Journal of Pharmacology·Tienush RassafRainer Schulz
May 7, 2005·American Journal of Human Genetics·Ganesh SriramKatrina M Dipple
Apr 23, 2013·Redox Report : Communications in Free Radical Research·Johanna M GostnerRobert Sucher
Sep 1, 2015·International Journal of Cardiology·Micaela GliozziVincenzo Mollace
Oct 1, 2013·Journal of Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Analysis·Natalie LefortMiroslava Cuperlovic-Culf
May 29, 2015·Toxicological Sciences : an Official Journal of the Society of Toxicology·Kanae KurodaYoshinobu Aoki
Feb 26, 2015·Antioxidants & Redox Signaling·Rayomand S KhambataAmrita Ahluwalia
Jul 2, 2014·Journal of Biological Inorganic Chemistry : JBIC : a Publication of the Society of Biological Inorganic Chemistry·Ralf R Mendel, Silke Leimkühler

❮ Previous
Next ❯

Related Concepts

Trending Feeds

COVID-19

Coronaviruses encompass a large family of viruses that cause the common cold as well as more serious diseases, such as the ongoing outbreak of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19; formally known as 2019-nCoV). Coronaviruses can spread from animals to humans; symptoms include fever, cough, shortness of breath, and breathing difficulties; in more severe cases, infection can lead to death. This feed covers recent research on COVID-19.

Blastomycosis

Blastomycosis fungal infections spread through inhaling Blastomyces dermatitidis spores. Discover the latest research on blastomycosis fungal infections here.

Nuclear Pore Complex in ALS/FTD

Alterations in nucleocytoplasmic transport, controlled by the nuclear pore complex, may be involved in the pathomechanism underlying multiple neurodegenerative diseases including Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis and Frontotemporal Dementia. Here is the latest research on the nuclear pore complex in ALS and FTD.

Applications of Molecular Barcoding

The concept of molecular barcoding is that each original DNA or RNA molecule is attached to a unique sequence barcode. Sequence reads having different barcodes represent different original molecules, while sequence reads having the same barcode are results of PCR duplication from one original molecule. Discover the latest research on molecular barcoding here.

Chronic Fatigue Syndrome

Chronic fatigue syndrome is a disease characterized by unexplained disabling fatigue; the pathology of which is incompletely understood. Discover the latest research on chronic fatigue syndrome here.

Evolution of Pluripotency

Pluripotency refers to the ability of a cell to develop into three primary germ cell layers of the embryo. This feed focuses on the mechanisms that underlie the evolution of pluripotency. Here is the latest research.

Position Effect Variegation

Position Effect Variagation occurs when a gene is inactivated due to its positioning near heterochromatic regions within a chromosome. Discover the latest research on Position Effect Variagation here.

STING Receptor Agonists

Stimulator of IFN genes (STING) are a group of transmembrane proteins that are involved in the induction of type I interferon that is important in the innate immune response. The stimulation of STING has been an active area of research in the treatment of cancer and infectious diseases. Here is the latest research on STING receptor agonists.

Microbicide

Microbicides are products that can be applied to vaginal or rectal mucosal surfaces with the goal of preventing, or at least significantly reducing, the transmission of sexually transmitted infections. Here is the latest research on microbicides.