Physiological, ultrastructural, biochemical and molecular responses of young cocoa plants to the toxicity of Cr (III) in soil

Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety
Junea Leandro do NascimentoVirupax C Baligar

Abstract

The objective of this study was to evaluate Cr toxicity in young plants of the CCN 51 Theobroma cacao genotype at different concentrations of Cr3+ in the soil (0, 100, 200, 400 and 600 mg kg-1) through physiological, ultrastructural, antioxidant and molecular changes. Doses of 400 and 600 mg Cr3+ kg-1 soil severely affected foliar gas exchange, promoted by damages in photosynthetic machinery evidenced by the decrease in CO2 fixation. Decreased expression of psbA and psbO genes, changes in enzymatic activity and lipid peroxidation also affected leaf gas exchange. A hormesis effect was observed at 100 mg Cr3+ kg-1 soil for the photosynthetic activity. As a metal exclusion response, the roots of the cocoa plants immobilized, on average, 75% of the total Cr absorbed. Ultrastructural changes in leaf mesophyll and roots, with destruction of mitochondria, plasmolysis and formation of vesicles, were related to the oxidative stress promoted by excess ROS. The activity of the antioxidant enzymes SOD, APX, GPX and CAT and the amino acid proline coincided with the greater expression of the sod cyt gene demonstrating synchronicity in the elimination of ROS. It was concluded, therefore, that the tolerance of the cocoa plants to the toxicity ...Continue Reading

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Citations

Jun 30, 2019·International Journal of Molecular Sciences·Ewa Muszyńska, Mateusz Labudda
Jun 3, 2021·Environmental Geochemistry and Health·Chunyan MengFumin Feng
Dec 26, 2018·Environmental Pollution·Zhi-Lin ZhuGuang-Zhou Liu

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