Phytoplasmas: bacteria that manipulate plants and insects.

Molecular Plant Pathology
Saskia A HogenhoutShigetou Namba

Abstract

Superkingdom Prokaryota; Kingdom Monera; Domain Bacteria; Phylum Firmicutes (low-G+C, Gram-positive eubacteria); Class Mollicutes; Candidatus (Ca.) genus Phytoplasma. Ca. Phytoplasma comprises approximately 30 distinct clades based on 16S rRNA gene sequence analyses of approximately 200 phytoplasmas. Phytoplasmas are mostly dependent on insect transmission for their spread and survival. The phytoplasma life cycle involves replication in insects and plants. They infect the insect but are phloem-limited in plants. Members of Ca. Phytoplasma asteris (16SrI group phytoplasmas) are found in 80 monocot and dicot plant species in most parts of the world. Experimentally, they can be transmitted by approximately 30, frequently polyphagous insect species, to 200 diverse plant species. In plants, phytoplasmas induce symptoms that suggest interference with plant development. Typical symptoms include: witches' broom (clustering of branches) of developing tissues; phyllody (retrograde metamorphosis of the floral organs to the condition of leaves); virescence (green coloration of non-green flower parts); bolting (growth of elongated stalks); formation of bunchy fibrous secondary roots; reddening of leaves and stems; generalized yellowing, dec...Continue Reading

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Citations

Mar 31, 2009·Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America·Ayaka HoshiShigetou Namba
Nov 9, 2011·Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America·Akiko SugioSaskia A Hogenhout
Dec 14, 2012·Molecular Plant-microbe Interactions : MPMI·Rita MusettiAart J E van Bel
Dec 9, 2008·Molecular Plant-microbe Interactions : MPMI·Xiaodong BaiSaskia A Hogenhout
Jan 10, 2009·Molecular Plant-microbe Interactions : MPMI·Saskia A HogenhoutSophien Kamoun
Aug 19, 2011·Plant Physiology·Allyson M MacLeanSaskia A Hogenhout
Mar 10, 2009·Applied and Environmental Microbiology·Jennifer HodgettsMatthew Dickinson
May 23, 2009·BMC Evolutionary Biology·Mart KrupovicDennis H Bamford
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Aug 16, 2011·Annual Review of Phytopathology·Akiko SugioSaskia A Hogenhout
May 3, 2012·TheScientificWorldJournal·Michael KubeErich Seemüller
Sep 10, 2014·International Journal of Molecular Sciences·Xibing CaoYanpeng Dong
Nov 1, 2015·International Journal of Systematic and Evolutionary Microbiology·Edel Pérez-LópezTim J Dumonceaux
Dec 19, 2014·The New Phytologist·Sebastian WittulskyRainer Böni
May 1, 2012·Current Opinion in Microbiology·Akiko Sugio, Saskia A Hogenhout
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Oct 16, 2015·Trends in Plant Science·Florian RümplerRainer Melzer
Jul 22, 2008·Current Opinion in Plant Biology·Saskia A Hogenhout, Rosemary Loria

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