Pilot study of inflammatory responses following a negative imaginal focus in persons with chronic pain: analysis by sex/gender

Gender Medicine
Beth D DarnallHeather Zwickey

Abstract

Recent evidence suggests that differential stress and immune responses may play a role in the sex/gender disparity for pain. Pain pathology and psychological stress are both associated with elevated levels of proinflammatory cytokines. This pilot study tested a negative imaginal focus to assess whether it would elicit a proinflammatory cytokine response and whether responses would vary by sex/gender. Adults with chronic musculoskeletal pain were recruited from an outpatient, multidisciplinary pain clinic in Portland, Oregon, between 2007 and 2008. All participants underwent a psychologist-guided 10-minute focus on the negative aspects of their pain condition and the imagined worsening of their pain; no control group was used. Serum collected at baseline and postfocus (1, 2, and 2.5 hours) was assayed for interleukin-6 (IL-6) and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha). Cortisol was assayed at each time point and at 15 minutes postfocus. Thirty-six outpatients (aged 26-62 years; 23 women, 13 men) participated in the study. Compared with men, women displayed greater negative emotional expression during the experiment, and this in turn mediated their IL-6 inflammatory responses. Relative to men, the IL-6 response trajectory was de...Continue Reading

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Citations

Nov 29, 2012·Journal of Neuroimmune Pharmacology : the Official Journal of the Society on NeuroImmune Pharmacology·C LinnmanD Borsook
Jul 27, 2012·The Journal of Alternative and Complementary Medicine : Research on Paradigm, Practice, and Policy·Raj Kumar YadavSushil Chandra Mahapatra
Feb 21, 2018·European Spine Journal : Official Publication of the European Spine Society, the European Spinal Deformity Society, and the European Section of the Cervical Spine Research Society·David M KlynePaul W Hodges
Mar 27, 2018·Arthritis & Rheumatology·Jeungchan LeeVitaly Napadow
Jan 5, 2012·PloS One·Thomas BollingerWerner Solbach
Aug 20, 2020·Journal of Oral Rehabilitation·Rodrigo Lorenzi PoluhaPaulo César Rodrigues Conti
Mar 30, 2017·Pain Research & Management : the Journal of the Canadian Pain Society = Journal De La Société Canadienne Pour Le Traitement De La Douleur·Chloe J TaubBeth D Darnall
Apr 2, 2020·Pain Medicine : the Official Journal of the American Academy of Pain Medicine·David M Klyne, Paul W Hodges
Nov 14, 2020·Clinical Oral Investigations·Rodrigo Lorenzi PoluhaPaulo César Rodrigues Conti

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