Pit latrine emptying behavior and demand for sanitation services in Dar Es Salaam, Tanzania

International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health
Marion W JenkinsSandy Cairncross

Abstract

Pit latrines are the main form of sanitation in unplanned areas in many rapidly growing developing cities. Understanding demand for pit latrine fecal sludge management (FSM) services in these communities is important for designing demand-responsive sanitation services and policies to improve public health. We examine latrine emptying knowledge, attitudes, behavior, trends and rates of safe/unsafe emptying, and measure demand for a new hygienic latrine emptying service in unplanned communities in Dar Es Salaam (Dar), Tanzania, using data from a cross-sectional survey at 662 residential properties in 35 unplanned sub-wards across Dar, where 97% had pit latrines. A picture emerges of expensive and poor FSM service options for latrine owners, resulting in widespread fecal sludge exposure that is likely to increase unless addressed. Households delay emptying as long as possible, use full pits beyond what is safe, face high costs even for unhygienic emptying, and resort to unsafe practices like 'flooding out'. We measured strong interest in and willingness to pay (WTP) for the new pit emptying service at 96% of residences; 57% were WTP≥U.S. $17 to remove ≥200 L of sludge. Emerging policy recommendations for safe FSM in unplanned urba...Continue Reading

References

Feb 1, 1997·International Journal of Epidemiology·C G VictoraM T Olinto
Mar 15, 2012·Environmental Science & Technology·Pierre-Henri DodaneLinda Strande

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Citations

Aug 18, 2016·PloS One·Richard M ChungaJoe Brown
Oct 28, 2016·The Science of the Total Environment·Robert TobiasTove A Larsen
Feb 7, 2017·International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health·Charles F C ChirwaRochelle H Holm
Apr 21, 2017·International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health·Shannon M McGinnisHeather M Murphy
Jul 15, 2017·International Journal of Environmental Health Research·Sheillah SimiyuSandy Cairncross
Dec 13, 2019·Environmental Management·Wutyi NaingChaw Su Su Hmwe
Aug 7, 2019·Bulletin of the World Health Organization·Jennifer Orgill-MeyerMarc Jeuland
Dec 1, 2019·International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health·Zachary BurtAshley Murray
Jan 14, 2021·Environmental Science & Technology·James HarperChris Nicoletti
Oct 12, 2020·Journal of Environmental Management·Mabvuto Yesaya, Elizabeth Tilley
Apr 28, 2021·Journal of Environmental Management·Nicola GreeneFrancis L de Los Reyes Iii
Jun 4, 2021·Environmental Engineering Science·Cassandra L WorkmanMatthew E Verbyla
Jun 16, 2021·Journal of Environmental Management·Paresh Chhajed-Picha, N C Narayanan
Aug 8, 2021·International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health·Mitsunori OdagiriJuliet Willetts
Sep 11, 2021·Global Public Health·Cassandra L WorkmanKenneth M Mapunda

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