Placental restriction alters the functional development of the pituitary-adrenal axis in the sheep fetus during late gestation

Pediatric Research
I D PhillipsI C McMillen

Abstract

We have experimentally restricted placental growth in the sheep to investigate the impact of reduced substrate delivery on fetal pituitary proopiomelanocortin (POMC) mRNA levels and on circulating ACTH 1-39, immunoreactive ACTH, and cortisol concentrations during late gestation. Endometrial caruncles were removed in nine ewes before mating to reduce the number of placentomes formed [placental restriction group (PR)]. Fetal arterial PO2 and O2 saturation were reduced in the PR group (2.0 +/- 0.1 kPa and 42.8 +/- 1.1%, n = 9) when compared with control fetuses (3.1 +/- 0.1 kPa and 66.4 +/- 0.9%, n = 10). The ratio of anterior pituitary POMC mRNA:18 S ribosomal RNA was also lower (p < 0.05) in the PR group (0.49 +/- 0.05) when compared with the control group (0.80 +/- 0.12) after 140 d of gestation. In contrast, plasma concentrations of ACTH 1-39 and immunoreactive ACTH were similar in the PR and control groups throughout late gestation. Plasma ACTH 1-39 concentrations increased (p < 0.006) between 128 and 134 d of gestation, in both the PR (122-128 d: 2.70 +/- 0.34 pmol/L: 134-141 d; 7.07 +/- 1.57 pmol/L) and control (122-128 d; 3.36 +/- 0.56 pmol/L: 134-141 d; 10.78 +/- 2.88 pmol/L) groups. Combined adrenal weight was higher (p ...Continue Reading

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