Plant cell-surface GIPC sphingolipids sense salt to trigger Ca2+ influx

Nature
Zhonghao JiangZhen-Ming Pei

Abstract

Salinity is detrimental to plant growth, crop production and food security worldwide. Excess salt triggers increases in cytosolic Ca2+ concentration, which activate Ca2+-binding proteins and upregulate the Na+/H+ antiporter in order to remove Na+. Salt-induced increases in Ca2+ have long been thought to be involved in the detection of salt stress, but the molecular components of the sensing machinery remain unknown. Here, using Ca2+-imaging-based forward genetic screens, we isolated the Arabidopsis thaliana mutant monocation-induced [Ca2+]i increases 1 (moca1), and identified MOCA1 as a glucuronosyltransferase for glycosyl inositol phosphorylceramide (GIPC) sphingolipids in the plasma membrane. MOCA1 is required for salt-induced depolarization of the cell-surface potential, Ca2+ spikes and waves, Na+/H+ antiporter activation, and regulation of growth. Na+ binds to GIPCs to gate Ca2+ influx channels. This salt-sensing mechanism might imply that plasma-membrane lipids are involved in adaption to various environmental salt levels, and could be used to improve salt resistance in crops.

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Citations

Dec 13, 2019·Journal of Integrative Plant Biology·Xiangfeng WangLiwen Jiang
Dec 19, 2019·Journal of Integrative Plant Biology·Kong ChenYang Zhao
Feb 6, 2020·Natural Product Reports·Shinichi Nishimura, Nobuaki Matsumori
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Methods Mentioned

BETA
transgenic
isothermal titration calorimetry
PCR

Software Mentioned

Origin
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MetaMorph Basic Acquisition
MetaFluor
MetaMorph
Excel
SAS
FigTree
FastTree
Malvern Panalytical

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