Plant-derived silica nanoparticles and composites for biosensors, bioimaging, drug delivery and supercapacitors: a review

Environmental Chemistry Letters
S PrabhaEric Lichtfouse

Abstract

Silica nanoparticles have rapidly found applications in medicine, supercapacitors, batteries, optical fibers and concrete materials, because silica nanoparticles have tunable physical, chemical, optical and mechanical properties. In most applications, high-purity silica comes from synthetic organic precursors, yet this approach could be costly, polluting and non-biocompatible. Alternatively, natural silica sources from biomass are often cheap and abundant, yet they contain impurities. Silica can be extracted from corn cob, coffee husk, rice husk, sugarcane bagasse and wheat husk wastes, which are often disposed of in rivers, lands and ponds. These wastes can be used to prepare homogenous silica nanoparticles. Here we review properties, preparation and applications of silica nanoparticles. Preparation includes chemical and biomass methods. Applications include biosensors, bioimaging, drug delivery and supercapacitors. In particular, to fight the COVID-19 pandemic, recent research has shown that silver nanocluster/silica deposited on a mask reduces SARS-Cov-2 infectivity to zero.

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Citations

Feb 10, 2021·Environmental Chemistry Letters·Chaitali V MorePravina P Pawar
Apr 14, 2021·Environmental Chemistry Letters·Afzal Husain KhanMohammad Hadi Dehghani

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Methods Mentioned

BETA
thermal treatments
chemical vapor deposition
scanning
transmission electron microscopy
acid leach
biosensing
biosensor
X-ray
Fluorescence
biosensors

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