PLASMA CONCENTRATIONS OF VITAMIN A1 , B1 , D3 , AND E IN HUMBOLDT PENGUINS ( SPHENISCUS HUMBOLDTI) BEFORE AND AFTER DIETARY VITAMIN SUPPLEMENTATION OF THEIR FISH DIET

Journal of Zoo and Wildlife Medicine : Official Publication of the American Association of Zoo Veterinarians
Jan H BosMarja J L Kik

Abstract

In a practical feeding trial at Ouwehand Zoo, plasma concentrations of vitamin A1, calcidiol (D3), α-tocopherol (E), and B1 in 17 Humboldt penguins ( Spheniscus humboldti) were measured before and after supplementation to gain insight into the effect of supplementing these vitamins in animals being fed thawed frozen-fish diets. None of the penguins received vitamin supplements for at least 6 mo before the supplementation trial, which was conducted prior to their normal nesting and molting period. During the trial period, eight penguins received daily vitamin A1, D3, tocopheryl acetate, and B1 supplementation placed in their fish immediately prior to feeding and nine control penguins received no supplementation. Concentrations of vitamins A1, D3, α-tocopherol, and B1 were also measured in the thawed ready-to-feed fish. Concentrations of vitamins B1 and α-tocopherol were below the Association of Zoos and Aquariums (AZA) recommendations for penguin diets, while concentrations of vitamins A1 and D3 were far above AZA recommendations. At the start of the study and after 70 days of supplementation, plasma concentrations were determined for these vitamins. Vitamin B1 concentrations in plasma increased significantly ( P < 0.05) between...Continue Reading

References

Oct 1, 1978·Canadian Journal of Zoology·F R Engelhardt, J R Geraci
Feb 27, 1999·Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology. Part A, Molecular & Integrative Physiology·S D CrisseyA M Simeone
Jul 16, 1999·Lipids·S H HagemanR M Clark
May 2, 2007·Journal of Zoo and Wildlife Medicine : Official Publication of the American Association of Zoo Veterinarians·Michael J Adkesson, Jennifer N Langan

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