Plasma modified surfaces for covalent immobilization of functional biomolecules in the absence of chemical linkers: towards better biosensors and a new generation of medical implants

Biophysics Reviews
Marcela M Bilek, David R McKenzie

Abstract

Plasma modification and plasma polymer deposition are valuable technologies for the preparation of surfaces for the covalent binding of biomolecules for applications such as biosensors, medical prostheses, and diagnostic devices as well as surfaces for enzyme-mediated reactions. Covalency is conveniently tested by the ability of the surface to retain the attached molecules after vigorous washing with sodium dodecyl sulphate (SDS). Covalency is indicated if the fraction of protein retained lies above the curve characteristic of physisorption. Confidence in covalency is strengthened when the washing protocol is aggressive enough to remove all adsorbed protein from a control significantly more hydrophobic than the test surface. The use of linker chemistry to space the molecules from the surface is in some cases beneficial. However, the use of linker chemistry is not necessary to retain molecular function for long periods when the polymer surface is modified by energetic bombardment. The energetic bombardment retains hydrophilicity of the surface by crosslinking the subsurface, and this appears to facilitate retention of protein function. Energetic bombardment also increases the functional life of molecules immobilized and then fre...Continue Reading

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