Plasmid encoded antibiotic resistance: acquisition and transfer of antibiotic resistance genes in bacteria

British Journal of Pharmacology
P M Bennett

Abstract

Bacteria have existed on Earth for three billion years or so and have become adept at protecting themselves against toxic chemicals. Antibiotics have been in clinical use for a little more than 6 decades. That antibiotic resistance is now a major clinical problem all over the world attests to the success and speed of bacterial adaptation. Mechanisms of antibiotic resistance in bacteria are varied and include target protection, target substitution, antibiotic detoxification and block of intracellular antibiotic accumulation. Acquisition of genes needed to elaborate the various mechanisms is greatly aided by a variety of promiscuous gene transfer systems, such as bacterial conjugative plasmids, transposable elements and integron systems, that move genes from one DNA system to another and from one bacterial cell to another, not necessarily one related to the gene donor. Bacterial plasmids serve as the scaffold on which are assembled arrays of antibiotic resistance genes, by transposition (transposable elements and ISCR mediated transposition) and site-specific recombination mechanisms (integron gene cassettes).The evidence suggests that antibiotic resistance genes in human bacterial pathogens originate from a multitude of bacteria...Continue Reading

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Citations

Jan 22, 2013·Plasmid·Anne BleicherHans Peter Saluz
Feb 12, 2013·Plasmid·Marta GibertCarlos Balsalobre
Feb 22, 2011·Microbial Drug Resistance : MDR : Mechanisms, Epidemiology, and Disease·Fernanda M SilvaAna C Gales
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Feb 3, 2009·Applied and Environmental Microbiology·Rebecca L LindseyRichard J Meinersmann
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Apr 15, 2017·Critical Reviews in Microbiology·Joachim VandecraenRob Van Houdt

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