PMID: 2125378Oct 22, 1990Paper

Plasminogen activator inhibitors type 1 and type 2 and plasminogen activators in amniotic fluid during pregnancy

Thrombosis and Haemostasis
A EstellésJ Aznar

Abstract

Plasminogen activator inhibitor activity (PAI), PAI-1 and PAI-2 antigen, and other fibrinolytic parameters were evaluated in amniotic fluid during normal pregnancy and compared with that obtained in plasma of pregnant women. The results indicate the presence of both PAI-1 and PAI-2 in amniotic fluid during normal pregnancy. In amniotic fluid, PAI-1 antigen levels increased from 194 +/- 109 ng/ml (first trimester) to 640 +/- 396 ng/ml (third trimester) and PAI-2 antigen levels increased from 72 +/- 57 ng/ml to 173 +/- 97 ng/ml. In contrast, a decrease in tissue-type plasminogen activator (t-PA) antigen level was observed during pregnancy. The PAI-1 levels in amniotic fluid were significantly higher than the PAI-1 levels in plasma of women at a similar gestational age. However, PAI activity, measured using single chain t-PA, was lower in amniotic fluid than in plasma of normal pregnant women. The PAI activity/PAI-1 antigen ratio in amniotic fluid after activation by a denaturing agent increased from 0.003 +/- 0.004 to 0.059 +/- 0.018. These results indicate that high levels of PAI-1 are present in amniotic fluid and suggest that this PAI-1 is present in a latent form that can be reactivated, at least partially, by a denaturing ag...Continue Reading

Related Concepts

Trending Feeds

COVID-19

Coronaviruses encompass a large family of viruses that cause the common cold as well as more serious diseases, such as the ongoing outbreak of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19; formally known as 2019-nCoV). Coronaviruses can spread from animals to humans; symptoms include fever, cough, shortness of breath, and breathing difficulties; in more severe cases, infection can lead to death. This feed covers recent research on COVID-19.

Blastomycosis

Blastomycosis fungal infections spread through inhaling Blastomyces dermatitidis spores. Discover the latest research on blastomycosis fungal infections here.

Nuclear Pore Complex in ALS/FTD

Alterations in nucleocytoplasmic transport, controlled by the nuclear pore complex, may be involved in the pathomechanism underlying multiple neurodegenerative diseases including Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis and Frontotemporal Dementia. Here is the latest research on the nuclear pore complex in ALS and FTD.

Applications of Molecular Barcoding

The concept of molecular barcoding is that each original DNA or RNA molecule is attached to a unique sequence barcode. Sequence reads having different barcodes represent different original molecules, while sequence reads having the same barcode are results of PCR duplication from one original molecule. Discover the latest research on molecular barcoding here.

Chronic Fatigue Syndrome

Chronic fatigue syndrome is a disease characterized by unexplained disabling fatigue; the pathology of which is incompletely understood. Discover the latest research on chronic fatigue syndrome here.

Evolution of Pluripotency

Pluripotency refers to the ability of a cell to develop into three primary germ cell layers of the embryo. This feed focuses on the mechanisms that underlie the evolution of pluripotency. Here is the latest research.

Position Effect Variegation

Position Effect Variagation occurs when a gene is inactivated due to its positioning near heterochromatic regions within a chromosome. Discover the latest research on Position Effect Variagation here.

STING Receptor Agonists

Stimulator of IFN genes (STING) are a group of transmembrane proteins that are involved in the induction of type I interferon that is important in the innate immune response. The stimulation of STING has been an active area of research in the treatment of cancer and infectious diseases. Here is the latest research on STING receptor agonists.

Microbicide

Microbicides are products that can be applied to vaginal or rectal mucosal surfaces with the goal of preventing, or at least significantly reducing, the transmission of sexually transmitted infections. Here is the latest research on microbicides.