Pleistocene megafaunal interaction networks became more vulnerable after human arrival

Proceedings. Biological Sciences
Mathias M PiresPaulo R Guimarães

Abstract

The end of the Pleistocene was marked by the extinction of almost all large land mammals worldwide except in Africa. Although the debate on Pleistocene extinctions has focused on the roles of climate change and humans, the impact of perturbations depends on properties of ecological communities, such as species composition and the organization of ecological interactions. Here, we combined palaeoecological and ecological data, food-web models and community stability analysis to investigate if differences between Pleistocene and modern mammalian assemblages help us understand why the megafauna died out in the Americas while persisting in Africa. We show Pleistocene and modern assemblages share similar network topology, but differences in richness and body size distributions made Pleistocene communities significantly more vulnerable to the effects of human arrival. The structural changes promoted by humans in Pleistocene networks would have increased the likelihood of unstable dynamics, which may favour extinction cascades in communities facing extrinsic perturbations. Our findings suggest that the basic aspects of the organization of ecological communities may have played an important role in major extinction events in the past. K...Continue Reading

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Citations

May 26, 2016·Biology Letters·Angel M SeguraMatías Arim
Jun 21, 2018·Biological Reviews of the Cambridge Philosophical Society·Eva DelmasTimothée Poisot
Jun 27, 2017·Ecology and Evolution·Esther Sebastián-GonzálezRodolfo Dirzo
Oct 11, 2017·Biological Reviews of the Cambridge Philosophical Society·Mauro GalettiJens-Christian Svenning
Oct 20, 2020·Ecology Letters·Paul J CaraDonnaDiego P Vázquez
Jan 13, 2021·Trends in Ecology & Evolution·Noel AmanoPatrick Roberts
Oct 18, 2020·Trends in Ecology & Evolution·Danielle FraserS Kathleen Lyons

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