Pneumomediastinum

Journal of Thoracic Disease
Vasileios K KouritasPaul Zarogoulidis

Abstract

Pneumomediastinum is a condition in which air is present in the mediastinum. This condition can result from physical trauma or other situations that lead to air escaping from the lungs, airways or bowel into the chest cavity. Pneumomediastinum is a rare situation and occurs when air leaks into the mediastinum. The diagnosis can be confirmed via chest X-ray or CT scanning of the thorax. The main symptom is usually severe central chest pain. Other symptoms include laboured breathing, voice distortion (as with helium) and subcutaneous emphysema, specifically affecting the face, neck, and chest. Pneumomediastinum can also be characterized by the shortness of breath that is typical of a respiratory system problem. It is often recognized on auscultation by a "crunching" sound timed with the cardiac cycle (Hamman's crunch). Pnemomediastinum may also present with symptoms mimicking cardiac tamponade as a result of the increased intrapulmonary pressure on venous flow to the heart. The tissues in the mediastinum will slowly resorb the air in the cavity so most pneumomediastinums are treated conservatively.

Citations

Feb 29, 2020·Diabetes, Metabolic Syndrome and Obesity : Targets and Therapy·Weidong ZhangQingzheng Liang
Nov 19, 2020·Case Reports in Pulmonology·Anshika SinghDavid H Lindner
Nov 27, 2020·Curēus·Allen MaoSamuel McQuiston
Mar 9, 2021·Proceedings·Arunee MotesEbtesam Islam
Mar 26, 2021·Journal of Medical Case Reports·Berhanu N AlemuAbraham G Tiruneh
Apr 10, 2021·Curēus·Thomas Y Sun, Allison Ferrara
Apr 6, 2021·Critical Care Research and Practice·Yasser AljehaniMohammed Alshahrani
Apr 27, 2021·Frontiers in Medicine·Tania Guadalupe Rodriguez-ArciniegaAlejandro Bravo-Cuellar

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