Polarization-stiffened ferroelectric liquid crystals: a thickness-independent bistable switching voltage with a lower limit of about 2 V and the transition to thresholdless switching

Physical Review. E, Statistical, Nonlinear, and Soft Matter Physics
Michael J O'Callaghan

Abstract

Typical ferroelectric Sm-C(*) liquid crystal (FLC) cells exhibit a voltage threshold for switching from one stable state to another despite the FLC's response being inherently continuous and thresholdless (free rotation of the director around the tilt cone). This switching threshold is due to FLC-surface interactions and to the chevron smectic structure commonly formed in cells. It is shown here that the FLC electrostatic energy contribution ∼P(S)(2) responsible for thresholdless switching of high-P(S) FLCs also plays a key role in the bistable switching of lower-P(S) FLCs. Among the consequences are that it can be difficult to lower a cell's threshold below V(TB)∼3.4(B/ɛ(F))(1/2) (B and ɛ(F) are the FLC's elastic and dielectric constants), that a cell's threshold becomes independent of cell thickness once it substantially exceeds the characteristic length ξ(P)=(ɛ(F)B)(1/2)/P(S), and that there are conditions under which alignment layer capacitance can decrease rather than increase the threshold (i.e., transition to thresholdless switching). A model that predicts and explains these behaviors is presented along with threshold measurements of representative FLC cells.

References

Jun 1, 1996·Physical Review. E, Statistical Physics, Plasmas, Fluids, and Related Interdisciplinary Topics·Q JiangN A Clark
Aug 28, 1995·Physical Review Letters·Z Zou, N Clark
Mar 15, 2003·Physical Review. E, Statistical, Nonlinear, and Soft Matter Physics·Michael J O'Callaghan
Feb 3, 2004·Physical Review. E, Statistical, Nonlinear, and Soft Matter Physics·Natasa Vaupotic, Martin Copic
Jun 4, 2008·Physical Review. E, Statistical, Nonlinear, and Soft Matter Physics·A HammarquistP Rudquist

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