Polarized Macrophages Have Distinct Roles in the Differentiation and Migration of Embryonic Spinal-cord-derived Neural Stem Cells After Grafting to Injured Sites of Spinal Cord

Molecular Therapy : the Journal of the American Society of Gene Therapy
Kun ZhangJian Wang

Abstract

Spinal cord injury (SCI) frequently provokes serious detrimental outcomes because neuronal regeneration is limited in the central nervous system (CNS). Thus, the creation of a permissive environment for transplantation therapy with neural stem/progenitor cells (NS/PCs) is a promising strategy to replace lost neuronal cells, promote repair, and stimulate functional plasticity after SCI. Macrophages are important SCI-associated inflammatory cells and a major source of secreted factors that modify the lesion milieu. Here, we used conditional medium (CM) from bone marrow-derived M1 or M2 polarized macrophages to culture murine NS/PCs. The NS/PCs showed enhanced astrocytic versus neuronal/oligodendrocytic differentiation in the presence of M1- versus M2-CM. Similarly, cotransplantation of NS/PCs with M1 and M2 macrophages into intact or injured murine spinal cord increased the number of engrafted NS/PC-derived astrocytes and neurons/oligodendrocytes, respectively. Furthermore, when cotransplantated with M2 macrophages, the NS/PC-derived neurons integrated into the local circuitry and enhanced locomotor recovery following SCI. Interesting, engrafted M1 macrophages promoted long-distance rostral migration of NS/PC-derived cells in a c...Continue Reading

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Citations

Sep 8, 2015·Journal of Controlled Release : Official Journal of the Controlled Release Society·Shushi KabuVinod Labhasetwar
Mar 15, 2019·The Journal of Immunology : Official Journal of the American Association of Immunologists·Christina DraijerMarc Peters-Golden
Jul 8, 2020·International Journal of Molecular Sciences·Sven HendrixStefanie Lemmens
Dec 2, 2020·Materials Science & Engineering. C, Materials for Biological Applications·Qiao XiaoLiumin He
Apr 18, 2018·Biomacromolecules·Haolan ZhangChangyou Gao

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Methods Mentioned

BETA
flow cytometry
PCR

Software Mentioned

SPSS
Image J

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