Political instability and birth outcomes: Evidence from the 1981 military coup in Spain.

Health Economics
Ainoa Aparicio Fenoll, Libertad González

Abstract

We study the effect of exposure to political instability in-utero on health at birth. We exploit the coup d'état that took place in Spain on February 23, 1981. Although short-lived and unsuccessful, the event generated stress and fear among the population, especially in areas that had suffered more repression during the Civil War and the recent dictatorship. We follow a difference-in-differences strategy and compare birth outcomes before and after the coup, in areas that were differentially "affected". We find that children who were in utero during the coup in more affected areas were born with significantly lower birth-weight (around 9 g lighter), especially if they were exposed to the coup in the first or second trimester of pregnancy. We contribute to the literature on the effects of maternal stress by focusing on an acute (and relatively common) source of distress that is unlikely to have affected newborn health via other channels.

References

Aug 7, 2003·JAMA : the Journal of the American Medical Association·Gertrud S BerkowitzPhilip J Landrigan
Dec 8, 2004·Environmental Health Perspectives·Sally Ann LedermanFrederica P Perera
Oct 2, 2007·Human Reproduction·Brenda EskenaziPaolo G Toniolo
Mar 19, 2013·Journal of Health Economics·Janet Currie, Maya Rossin-Slater
Jul 1, 2011·The Journal of Economic Perspectives : a Journal of the American Economic Association·Douglas Almond, Janet Currie
May 13, 2017·The Journal of Human Resources·Janet Currie, Hannes Schwandt
Feb 1, 2020·Economics and Human Biology·Ainoa AparicioJudit Vall Castelló

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