PMID: 8594809Sep 1, 1995Paper

Polymorphism in the number of genes encoding long-wavelength-sensitive cone pigments among males with normal color vision

Vision Research
Maureen NeitzA Grishok

Abstract

Examination by direct DNA sequence analysis of the X-linked visual pigment genes in 27 males with normal color vision reveals that almost half have two or more different genes encoding a long-wavelength-sensitive cone pigment. This is counter to the conventional theory proposed from results of Southern hybridization studies that there is a single long-wave pigment gene per X-chromosome. Further, the sequences and consideration of the structure of the X-linked pigment gene array suggest that the majority of the observers (as many as 2/3) have hybrid (or fusion) genes like those that have been proposed to underlie color anomaly. In some observers the long-wave hybrid genes contain a substantial amount of middle-wave sequence, e.g. five observers have hybrid long-wave genes that contain middle-wave sequences that include exon 4. Three of those five have the hybrid as their only long-wave gene, and thus have no other gene that could potentially encode a long-wave pigment. In these subjects, it is the hybrid gene that produces their normal long-wavelength-sensitive cone pigment. The high frequency of hybrid genes indicates that they are normal variant forms of the long-wave gene. Contrary to what is commonly believed, the introducti...Continue Reading

References

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Citations

May 19, 2004·Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America·Joseph CarrollDavid R Williams
Jan 20, 1999·Vision Research·S D BaldingM Neitz
Dec 21, 2010·Vision Research·Jay Neitz, Maureen Neitz
Jan 20, 1999·Vision Research·S A SjobergJ Neitz
Jan 20, 1999·Vision Research·S K ShevellM Neitz
Jan 20, 1999·Vision Research·T W KraftM Neitz
Aug 1, 1995·Vision Research·M NeitzG H Jacobs
Sep 23, 2016·Documenta Ophthalmologica. Advances in Ophthalmology·Jan Kremers, Deepak Bhatt
May 29, 2009·Clinical & Experimental Optometry : Journal of the Australian Optometrical Association·Diane M Tait, Joseph Carroll
Oct 18, 2006·American Journal of Primatology·Corri Waitt, Hannah M Buchanan-Smith
Oct 5, 2010·Ophthalmic & Physiological Optics : the Journal of the British College of Ophthalmic Opticians (Optometrists)·T W CroninP R Robinson
Sep 12, 2006·Visual Neuroscience·Takaaki HayashiKenji Kitahara
Mar 9, 2000·Journal of the Optical Society of America. A, Optics, Image Science, and Vision·J CarrollJ Neitz
Mar 9, 2000·Journal of the Optical Society of America. A, Optics, Image Science, and Vision·S A HagstromJ Neitz
Mar 9, 2000·Journal of the Optical Society of America. A, Optics, Image Science, and Vision·D H BrainardG H Jacobs
Aug 12, 2018·Scientific Reports·Bradley S GundlachMikhail A Kats

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