Polymorphisms in cg2 and pfcrt genes and resistance to chloroquine and other antimalarials in vitro in Plasmodium falciparum isolates from Colombia

Transactions of the Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene
Iveth J GonzálezNancy G Saravia

Abstract

Polymorphisms in Plasmodium falciparum cg2 and pfcrt genes and their association with chloroquine resistance in vitro in Colombian parasites were evaluated in this study. Association of chloroquine resistance with resistance to other antimalarial drugs in vitro was also examined. Polymerase chain reactions (PCR) for kappa and omega cg2 regions and nested PCR and digestion with ApoI enzyme for K-76T pfcrt point mutation defined corresponding polymorphisms in 83 samples collected between 1995 and 1999. The isotopic microtest was used to evaluate sensitivity in vitro in a subgroup of 18 isolates. The predominant cg2 pattern observed was 13K/14omega repeats (46/83 [55.4%]) and all samples presented the K-76T mutant allele. Seventy-eight percent of samples were resistant to chloroquine in vitro, 35.3% to amodiaquine, 16.7% to mefloquine, and 5.6% to quinine. Significant correlations (P < 0.05) were observed between the IC50s of chloroquine and arteether, and among IC50s of arteether, mefloquine, and quinine. These results suggest the development of multiple and cross-resistance of Colombian P. falciparum isolates to second- and third-line antimalarials and new alternative drugs.

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Citations

Jan 24, 2006·Journal of Industrial Microbiology & Biotechnology·Punyasloke BhaduryPhillip C Wright
Dec 13, 2005·Transactions of the Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene·Halidou TintoUmberto D'Alessandro
Feb 29, 2008·Tropical Medicine & International Health : TM & IH·Halidou TintoJean Bosco Ouédraogo
Jun 15, 2007·Memórias do Instituto Oswaldo Cruz·Valter F de Andrade-NetoPedro Paulo R Vieira
May 9, 2009·Chemical Record : an Official Publication of the Chemical Society of Japan ... [et Al.]·Karl Gademann, Joanna Kobylinska

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